All Free Management Sciences MCQs with Answers

• A. percentage of sales method
• B. affordable method
• C. competitive parity method
• D. objective and task method

Explanation: The competitive parity method sets promotional spending in line with competitors' outlays or estimated market practice.

• A. innovators
• B. early adopters
• C. middle majority
• D. laggards

Explanation: Laggards are the final adopter category and are most likely to remain until a product is mature or declining.

• A. product development stage
• B. maturity stage
• C. growth stage
• D. decline stage

Explanation: In product development, the product is still being designed, tested, and prepared for launch, so it has no sales revenue.

• A. non-personal communication channels
• B. non-emotional communication channels
• C. personal communication channels
• D. irrational communication channels

Explanation: Print, display, online, and broadcast media transmit the message without direct person-to-person contact, so they are non-personal…

• A. geographic segmentation
• B. income segmentation
• C. psychographic segmentation
• D. occasion segmentation

Explanation: Christmas, Easter, and Halloween are occasions that create specific buying and usage opportunities, so tailoring packaging and advertising…

• A. sales promotion
• B. personal selling
• C. public relations
• D. advertising

Explanation: Public relations builds a favourable corporate image and manages publicity during negative events or stories.

• A. communicate the positioning
• B. differentiation
• C. establish distribution channels
• D. none of above

Explanation: Positioning creates the intended place for an offering in customers’ minds, but that position must then be communicated through the…

• A. acquisition
• B. repetition
• C. merger
• D. new packaging of product

Explanation: Acquisition includes obtaining another firm’s product rights, such as a license or copyright, so the buyer can produce or market the…

• A. non-personal communication channels
• B. non-emotional communication channels
• C. personal communication channels
• D. irrational communication channels

Explanation: Buzz marketing and word-of-mouth involve communication from identifiable people, such as customers, friends, or influencers, so they are…

• A. idea generation
• B. idea screening
• C. concept development and testing
• D. business analysis

Explanation: New-product development begins with idea generation, where possible product concepts are gathered from customers, employees, research, and…

• A. print and broadcast media
• B. word-of-mouth influence
• C. buzz marketing
• D. display and online media

Explanation: Word-of-mouth influence is personal communication in which people discuss a market offering with friends, family, neighbours, or other…

• A. mass marketing
• B. segmented marketing
• C. concentrated marketing
• D. micromarketing

Explanation: Differentiated marketing targets several market segments and designs a separate offer or marketing mix for each, so it is also called…

• A. affordable method
• B. competitive parity method
• C. percentage of sales method
• D. all of above

Explanation: Affordable, competitive-parity, and percentage-of-sales methods are all established approaches for setting an advertising budget.

• A. internal idea sources
• B. external idea sources
• C. systematic idea sources
• D. resourcing

Explanation: Ideas generated by a company’s own research and development department come from internal idea sources.

• A. percentage of sales method
• B. affordable method
• C. competitive parity method
• D. objective and task method

Explanation: The percentage-of-sales method sets the advertising budget as a fixed percentage of current or forecast sales, sometimes expressed per…

• A. sales promotion
• B. personal selling
• C. public relations
• D. advertising

Explanation: Sales promotion consists of short-term incentives such as coupons, discounts, contests, and displays that stimulate immediate purchase.

• A. integrated marketing communications
• B. integrated strategic channels
• C. integrated outbound channels
• D. none of the above

Explanation: Integrated marketing communications coordinates advertising, sales promotion, public relations, personal selling and digital channels so…

• A. controlled test markets
• B. simulated test markets
• C. free test markets
• D. uncontrolled test markets

Explanation: Simulated test markets use controlled research settings to expose selected customers to a new product or marketing program and measure…

• A. growth
• B. maturity
• C. decline
• D. loss

Explanation: New products can create or stimulate the growth stage by attracting customers and increasing sales after introduction.

• A. broadcast media
• B. display media
• C. online media
• D. print media

Explanation: Social networking sites, email and company websites use internet-based communication, so they are online media.