All Free Management Sciences MCQs with Answers

• A. high
• B. low
• C. average
• D. moderate

Explanation: Per-customer cost is generally low in the decline stage because the product is established and the firm reduces promotional and…

• A. channel designing stages
• B. strategic stages
• C. channeling stages
• D. buyer readiness stage

Explanation: Buyer-readiness stages describe the steps customers pass through before purchase, such as awareness, knowledge, liking, preference…

• A. create product awareness
• B. maximize the market share
• C. defend market share and profits
• D. reduce expenditure

Explanation: At maturity, competition is intense and sales growth slows, so the firm aims to defend market share while preserving profits.

• A. broadcast media
• B. display media
• C. online media
• D. print media

Explanation: Radio and television transmit messages to a broad audience through electronic broadcasting, so they are classified as broadcast media.

• A. high
• B. low
• C. average
• D. moderate

Explanation: Per-customer cost is high during introduction because the product requires substantial promotion, distribution setup and customer…

• A. fads
• B. customs
• C. tradition
• D. norms

Explanation: Fads are products or styles whose sales rise rapidly because of short-lived enthusiasm or popularity and then decline quickly.

• A. irrational appeal
• B. moral appeal
• C. rational appeal
• D. emotional appeal

Explanation: A moral appeal directs the audience to ideas of right and wrong, duty, fairness, or social responsibility.

• A. create product awareness
• B. maximize the market share
• C. defend market share and profits
• D. reduce expenditure

Explanation: In the decline stage, falling demand and profits make cost reduction and controlled withdrawal the main objectives.

• A. geographic segmentation
• B. demographic segmentation
• C. psychographic segmentation
• D. behavioral segmentation

Explanation: Race and nationality are demographic characteristics because they describe identifiable population attributes.

• A. action, intention, design and attention
• B. action, interest, desire and attention
• C. agency, intention, design and attention
• D. attention, interest, desire and action

Explanation: AIDA follows the customer's response sequence: Attention, Interest, Desire, and Action.

• A. introductory stage
• B. business analysis stage
• C. market analysis stage
• D. product marketing stage

Explanation: The introductory stage is when a new product is first launched and distributed to the market.

• A. introductory stage
• B. business analysis stage
• C. market analysis stage
• D. product marketing stage

Explanation: The introductory stage usually has high distribution and promotion costs while sales and profits are still low, so these expenses may be…

• A. idea generation
• B. product generation
• C. market development
• D. business development

Explanation: Idea generation is the systematic search for possible new-product ideas from customers, employees, competitors, research, and other…

• A. create product awareness
• B. maximize the market share
• C. defend market share and profits
• D. reduce expenditure

Explanation: During the growth stage, sales rise rapidly and competitors appear, so the firm generally seeks to maximize market share.

• A. percentage of sales method
• B. affordable method
• C. competitive parity method
• D. objective and task method

Explanation: The objective-and-task method sets promotion objectives, identifies the tasks needed to achieve them, and estimates their costs.

• A. growth stage
• B. lately buying stage
• C. segmenting stage
• D. targeting stage

Explanation: New competitors commonly enter during the growth stage because increasing demand and improving profits make the market attractive.

• A. few
• B. continuously growing
• C. stable but declining
• D. none of the above

Explanation: During the introductory stage, the product is new and relatively few competitors have entered the market.

• A. physical distribution
• B. supply chain management
• C. exclusive distribution
• D. exclusive dealing

Explanation: Marketing logistics traditionally refers to physical distribution, including storing, handling and transporting products to customers.

• A. promotion mix
• B. marketing communication mix
• C. strategic buyer behavior mix
• D. both a and b

Explanation: The promotion mix is the coordinated use of advertising, personal selling, sales promotion and public relations.

• A. vertical management
• B. horizontal management
• C. marketing channel management
• D. distribution management

Explanation: Marketing channel management involves selecting, motivating and evaluating intermediaries while managing the channel over time.