All Free Management Sciences MCQs with Answers

• A. peripheral route
• B. central route
• C. expectancy cue
• D. value cue

Explanation: When consumers rely more on extrinsic cues such as brand name, price, reputation or endorsements, they are following the peripheral route.

• A. public sources
• B. experimental sources
• C. personal sources
• D. commercial sources

Explanation: Public sources provide information through consumer-rating organisations, mass media, government publications and similar independent…

• A. economic factors
• B. global factors
• C. environmental factors
• D. cultural factors

Explanation: Subculture and social class are elements of the cultural environment because they influence values, preferences and buying behaviour.

• A. technical repositioning
• B. product repositioning
• C. psychological repositioning
• D. physiological repositioning

Explanation: Psychological repositioning changes consumers’ beliefs or perceptions about a brand without necessarily changing the physical product.

• A. time risk
• B. cost risk
• C. availability risk
• D. choice risk

Explanation: Time risk arises when a failed product wastes the consumer’s time and creates the opportunity cost of searching for another offering.

• A. social classes
• B. economic variables
• C. internal factors
• D. external factors

Explanation: Social stratification divides society into relatively ranked social classes based on factors such as income, education, occupation, or…

• A. selective distortion
• B. subliminal perception
• C. selective retention
• D. selective attention

Explanation: Subliminal perception refers to receiving messages below the level of conscious awareness that may still influence attitudes or behaviour.

• A. performance shorts of expectations
• B. performance meets expectations
• C. performance exceeds expectation
• D. post purchase actions

Explanation: Dissatisfaction occurs when actual product performance falls short of the customer’s prior expectations.

• A. post purchase actions
• B. performance exceeds expectation
• C. performance shorts of expectations
• D. performance meets expectations

Explanation: A customer is delighted when actual performance exceeds prior expectations.

• A. anchor framing
• B. critical framing
• C. adjustment framing
• D. decision framing

Explanation: Decision framing describes how alternatives are presented and perceived by the decision maker, which can influence the choice made.

• A. planned attention
• B. selective distortion
• C. planned distortion
• D. planned retention

Explanation: Selective distortion occurs when consumers interpret information so that it conforms to their existing beliefs or expectations.

• A. competitive de-positioning
• B. competitive repositioning
• C. physiological de-positioning
• D. brand repositioning

Explanation: Competitive de-positioning attempts to weaken a competitor’s perceived position by changing buyers’ beliefs about that competing brand.

• A. selective ad watching
• B. selective noticing
• C. prepared distortion
• D. selective attention

Explanation: Selective attention means consumers notice only a small portion of the many marketing messages around them, so marketers must work hard to…

• A. eliminating heuristic
• B. heuristics
• C. conjunctive heuristic
• D. lexicographic heuristics

Explanation: The lexicographic heuristic chooses the brand that performs best on the consumer's most important attribute, then considers the next…

• A. attitude risk
• B. psychological risk
• C. physiological risk
• D. social risk

Explanation: Psychological risk concerns possible harm to the buyer's mental well-being, emotions, or peace of mind.

• A. motivation
• B. perception
• C. loyalty
• D. status quo

Explanation: Perception is the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information to form a meaningful picture of the world.

• A. selective noticing
• B. selective shopping
• C. selective attention
• D. selective retention

Explanation: Selective retention means consumers remember information that supports their existing preferences, such as a brand's good points over…

• A. basic need
• B. formal needs
• C. informal needs
• D. sufficiency needs

Explanation: Basic needs arise from physiological conditions such as hunger and thirst and must be satisfied for normal functioning.

• A. prospect theory
• B. integration theory
• C. segregation theory
• D. alternative theory

Explanation: Prospect theory explains how consumers evaluate alternatives as gains or losses relative to a reference point, which makes perceived…

• A. integrate probabilities
• B. segregate probabilities
• C. high probabilities
• D. low probabilities

Explanation: In prospect theory, loss-averse consumers generally underweight high probabilities and overweight low probabilities when judging outcomes.