Free Biotechnology MCQs with Answers
731 Biotechnology MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Biotechnology in health care applies biological organisms, cells or enzymes to diagnose and treat disease. The subject includes recombinant DNA, genetically engineered insulin, vaccines, antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy and techniques such as polymerase chain reaction, while distinguishing therapeutic applications from agricultural and industrial biotechnology.
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Read the Biotechnology notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms731 questions · page 26 of 37
- A. Hydrolytic enzyme
- B. Powerful antibiotic
- C. Human insulin
- D. Isoenzyme.
Explanation: Human insulin (humulin) is the first therapeutic product produced by means of recombinant technology by Eli Lilly and Co. on July 5, 1983.
Correct answer: Human insulin- A. Tobacco
- B. Cotton
- C. Pea
- D. Flax
Explanation: Transgenic plants are those plants in which a foreign gene has been introduced and stably integrated into host DNA.
Correct answer: Tobacco- A. Foreign DNA in all its cells
- B. Foreign DNA in some of its cells
- C. Foreign DNA and RNA in all its cells
- D. Foreign DNA and RNA in some of its cells
Explanation: A transgenic organism is one that has become transformed following the introduction of novel genes into its genome.
Correct answer: Foreign DNA and RNA in all its cells- A. Acetocarmin
- B. Aniline blue
- C. Ethidium bromide
- D. Bromophenol blue
Explanation: The separated DNA fragments can be seen only after staining them with a compound known as ethidium bromide (EtBr) followed by exposure to…
Correct answer: Ethidium bromide- A. Vector
- B. Plasmid
- C. Structural gene
- D. Selectable marker
Explanation: Some genes called "selectable markers" help in selecting those host cells which contain the vectors (transformants) and eliminating the…
Correct answer: Selectable marker- A. The smaller the fragment size, the farther it moves
- B. Positively charged fragments move to farther end
- C. Negatively charged fragments do not move
- D. The larger the fragment size, the farther it moves
Explanation: Electrophoresis is a technique used for the separation of substances of different ionic properties.
Correct answer: The smaller the fragment size, the farther it moves- A. Downstream processing
- B. Bioprocessing
- C. Post-production processing
- D. Upstream processing.
Explanation: After the formation of the product in the bioreactor, it undergoes some processes before a finished product is ready for marketing.
Correct answer: Downstream processing- A. Purification of product
- B. Addition of preservatives to the product
- C. Availability of oxygen throughout the process
- D. Ensuring anaerobic conditions in the culture vessel
Explanation: A stirred-tank reactor is usually cylindrical or with a curved base to facilitate the mixing of the reactor contents.
Correct answer: Availability of oxygen throughout the process- A. EcoRI
- B. Taq polymerase
- C. Polymerase II
- D. Ligase
Explanation: Ligase is a class of enzymes that catalyse the formation of covalent bonds using the energy released by the cleavage of ATP.
Correct answer: Ligase- A. Separation
- B. Purification
- C. Preservation
- D. Expression
Explanation: After the formation of the product in a bioreactor, it undergoes some processes before a finished product to be ready for marketing.
Correct answer: Expression- A. Sal I
- B. EcoRV
- C. Xho I
- D. Hind III
Explanation: EcoRV is a type II restriction endonuclease isolated from certain strains of E.coli. It creates blunt ends.
Correct answer: EcoRV- A. Transferable
- B. Single-stranded
- C. Independent replication
- D. Circular structure
Explanation: Plasmids are extra-chromosomal, self-replicating, usually circular, double-stranded DNA molecules that serve as vectors which carry…
Correct answer: Single-stranded- A. Bacillus subtilis
- B. Pseudomonas putida
- C. Thermus aquaticus
- D. Thiobacillus ferroxidans.
Explanation: Taq polymerase, generally used in PCR, is isolated from thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus.
Correct answer: Thermus aquaticus- A. DNAase I
- B. RNAase
- C. Hind II
- D. Protease
Explanation: Hind II is the first restriction endonuclease. It was isolated from Haemophilus influenzae Rd.
Correct answer: DNAase I- A. Restriction enzymes
- B. DNA-DNA hybridisation
- C. Polymerase chain reaction
- D. Zinc finger analysis
Explanation: Any small, functional, freely folded domain in which coordination of one or more zinc ions is required to stabilize its structure is known…
Correct answer: Zinc finger analysis- A. Template
- B. Carrier
- C. Transformer
- D. Vector
Explanation: Vector is a DNA molecule that carries a foreign DNA segment and replicates inside a host cell.
Correct answer: Vector- A. Selectable markers
- B. Ligases
- C. Restriction enzymes
- D. Probes
Explanation: Restriction enzymes recognize specific base sequences in a DNA molecule and cut its strands, e.g., EcoRI cuts DNA strands in the base…
Correct answer: Restriction enzymes- A. Electrophores
- B. Blotting
- C. Autoradiography
- D. PCR
Explanation: Southern blotting is based on the principle of separation of DNA fragments by gel electrophoresis followed by the identification of…
Correct answer: PCR- A. Bacterial artificial chromosome
- B. Yeast artificial chromosome
- C. Plasmid
- D. Cosmid
Explanation: Plasmids have been modified to be used as vectors. They can clone DNA fragments of about 10 kbp size while cosmid can carry up to 45 kbp.
Correct answer: Plasmid- A. T-DNA
- B. Bacterial artificial chromosome & Yeast artificial chromosome
- C. Expression vectors
- D. TA cloning vectors
Explanation: Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vectors are based on the natural, extra-chromosomal plasmid of E. coli.
Correct answer: Bacterial artificial chromosome & Yeast artificial chromosome