All Free Nursing Management and Ethics MCQs with Answers
Every Nursing Management and Ethics question in the bank, across all chapters, each with the correct answer and a written explanation. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
396 questions · page 12 of 20
- A. Conceptual definition
- B. Operational definition
- C. Theoretical framework
- D. Research assumption
Explanation: An operational definition explains exactly how a variable is measured in a study.
Correct answer: Operational definition- A. Convenience sampling
- B. Stratified random sampling
- C. Systematic random sampling
- D. Snowball sampling
Explanation: Stratified random sampling separates the population into important subgroups and randomly selects participants from each subgroup.
Correct answer: Stratified random sampling- A. Selection bias
- B. Testing effect
- C. Instrumentation error
- D. Attrition bias
Explanation: Allowing staff to choose recipients can create systematic differences between the intervention and comparison groups.
Correct answer: Selection bias- A. Reviewing staff attendance records
- B. Giving nurses a knowledge questionnaire
- C. Observing hand hygiene using a structured checklist
- D. Asking patients whether nurses clean their hands
Explanation: Direct structured observation records the behaviour as it occurs and is therefore most suitable for measuring actual practice.
Correct answer: Observing hand hygiene using a structured checklist- A. The hospital finance department
- B. The institutional ethics review committee
- C. The ward medication committee
- D. The nursing staff development unit
Explanation: An institutional ethics review committee evaluates risks, benefits, consent, privacy, and participant protection before research begins.
Correct answer: The institutional ethics review committee- A. The median is less affected by extreme values.
- B. The median proves that the sample is representative.
- C. The interquartile range removes missing data.
- D. The interquartile range establishes causation.
Explanation: The median and interquartile range are useful for skewed data because they are less influenced by unusually high or low observations.
Correct answer: The median is less affected by extreme values.- A. Follow the study findings without discussing them with the patient.
- B. Use the evidence together with clinical expertise and the patient's preferences.
- C. Choose the intervention used by the largest hospital in the region.
- D. Reject the evidence because every patient responds in exactly the same way.
Explanation: Evidence-based practice combines the best available research, professional clinical expertise, and the patient's values and preferences.
Correct answer: Use the evidence together with clinical expertise and the patient's preferences.- A. Prospective cohort study
- B. Retrospective case-control study
- C. Descriptive case report
- D. Randomised controlled trial
Explanation: A prospective cohort study follows groups with different exposures forward in time and compares their outcomes.
Correct answer: Prospective cohort study- A. What proportion of nurses report burnout this year?
- B. Does exercise reduce fasting blood glucose?
- C. How do mothers describe coping with a premature infant?
- D. What is the average waiting time in an emergency unit?
Explanation: Qualitative research explores experiences, meanings, and perceptions in participants' own words.
Correct answer: How do mothers describe coping with a premature infant?- A. The sample may have selection bias
- B. The sample must be purposive
- C. The data will lack reliability
- D. The study has low face validity
Explanation: A repeating pattern in the list can make systematic sampling unrepresentative and introduce selection bias.
Correct answer: The sample may have selection bias- A. Increasing the font size of each item
- B. Using translation and back-translation by experts
- C. Giving the questionnaire only to senior nurses
- D. Calculating the response rate after collection
Explanation: Translation followed by back-translation and expert review helps preserve the original meaning and supports content and cultural validity.
Correct answer: Using translation and back-translation by experts- A. Inter-rater reliability
- B. External validity
- C. Statistical power
- D. Construct validity
Explanation: Inter-rater reliability is the consistency between observers or coders who assess the same material.
Correct answer: Inter-rater reliability- A. The programme definitely causes harm
- B. The result may not show a statistically significant improvement
- C. The sample has perfect external validity
- D. The measurement tool is automatically unreliable
Explanation: When a confidence interval for a difference includes zero, no difference remains a plausible value, so statistical significance is not…
Correct answer: The result may not show a statistically significant improvement- A. Confidentiality protection
- B. Deception of participants
- C. Therapeutic privilege
- D. Random allocation
Explanation: Separating identifying information from coded research data helps protect confidentiality.
Correct answer: Confidentiality protection- A. Nominal
- B. Ordinal
- C. Interval
- D. Ratio
Explanation: The categories have a meaningful order, but the distance between categories cannot be assumed to be equal, so the scale is ordinal.
Correct answer: Ordinal- A. It is reliable but lacks accuracy
- B. It is valid but lacks consistency
- C. It is both accurate and precise
- D. It is neither systematic nor consistent
Explanation: A consistent 10 mmHg error means the device produces repeatable results but does not measure the true blood pressure, so it is reliable…
Correct answer: It is reliable but lacks accuracy- A. Check the data for completeness and coding errors
- B. Delete all unusual values from the data set
- C. Change missing responses to the expected answer
- D. Begin writing conclusions from the research question
Explanation: Data cleaning includes checking completeness, coding, ranges, and possible entry errors before analysis.
Correct answer: Check the data for completeness and coding errors- A. Randomised controlled trial
- B. One-group pretest-posttest study
- C. Case-control study
- D. Cross-sectional survey
Explanation: A one-group pretest-posttest study measures participants before and after an intervention without random assignment.
Correct answer: One-group pretest-posttest study- A. Cluster sampling
- B. Stratified sampling
- C. Purposive sampling
- D. Convenience sampling
Explanation: Cluster sampling selects intact groups, such as wards, and then includes members of the selected groups.
Correct answer: Cluster sampling- A. Longer sleep definitely prevents errors
- B. Medication errors definitely cause poor sleep
- C. Sleep duration and errors are associated
- D. The two variables have no relationship
Explanation: An association means that the variables vary together, but it does not prove that one causes the other.
Correct answer: Sleep duration and errors are associated