A study finds that a new patient-education programme improves knowledge scores, but the confidence interval for the mean improvement includes zero. What is the best interpretation?
Correct answer: B. The result may not show a statistically significant improvement
- A. The programme definitely causes harm
- B. The result may not show a statistically significant improvement
- C. The sample has perfect external validity
- D. The measurement tool is automatically unreliable
Explanation
When a confidence interval for a difference includes zero, no difference remains a plausible value, so statistical significance is not established at the corresponding level. This does not prove harm or automatically show that the instrument is unreliable.
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Nursing research covers problem identification, literature review, research questions, hypotheses, variables, quantitative and qualitative approaches, study designs, sampling and data collection. It also addresses validity, reliability, research ethics, data interpretation and evidence-based practice, including how research findings can guide nursing decisions and care.
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