A researcher studies whether a nurse-led exercise programme changes fatigue scores, but patients choose whether to join the programme. Which design is most appropriate?
Correct answer: B. One-group pretest-posttest study
- A. Randomised controlled trial
- B. One-group pretest-posttest study
- C. Case-control study
- D. Cross-sectional survey
Explanation
A one-group pretest-posttest study measures participants before and after an intervention without random assignment. It is weaker than a randomised trial because there is no randomly selected control group to rule out other causes of change.
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Nursing research covers problem identification, literature review, research questions, hypotheses, variables, quantitative and qualitative approaches, study designs, sampling and data collection. It also addresses validity, reliability, research ethics, data interpretation and evidence-based practice, including how research findings can guide nursing decisions and care.
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