All Free Nursing Management and Ethics MCQs with Answers

• A. Descriptive survey design
• B. Randomised controlled trial
• C. Phenomenological design
• D. Retrospective case-control design

Explanation: Random assignment to an intervention or comparison group is a key feature of a randomised controlled trial.

• A. Internal validity
• B. Reliability
• C. External validity
• D. Sampling adequacy

Explanation: Reliability means that a measurement gives consistent results under similar conditions.

• A. The instrument may lack construct validity for anxiety
• B. The sample may have excessive statistical power
• C. The study automatically has high inter-rater reliability
• D. The findings must be qualitative rather than quantitative

Explanation: Construct validity asks whether an instrument measures the concept it claims to measure.

• A. Convenience sampling
• B. Purposive sampling
• C. Systematic random sampling
• D. Cluster sampling

Explanation: Purposive sampling selects participants who have direct experience of the phenomenon being studied.

• A. Informed consent
• B. Data saturation
• C. Blinding
• D. Statistical significance

Explanation: Informed consent requires adequate information, understanding, and voluntary agreement before participation.

• A. The null hypothesis is rejected at this level
• B. The intervention is proven safe for every patient
• C. There is a 3 percent chance the hypothesis is true
• D. The result must be clinically important

Explanation: Because 0.03 is less than 0.05, the result is statistically significant at the stated level and the null hypothesis is rejected.

• A. Apply the checklist immediately without further review
• B. Reject the evidence because it was collected elsewhere
• C. Assess the evidence quality and its relevance to the local ward
• D. Choose the study with the largest number of references

Explanation: Evidence-based practice combines the best available research with clinical expertise, patient preferences, and local circumstances.

• A. Feasibility of conducting the study
• B. Popularity of the research topic
• C. Length of the final report
• D. Number of tables in the report

Explanation: A research problem should be important and feasible with the available time, skills, access, and resources.

• A. Directional hypothesis
• B. Null hypothesis
• C. Descriptive hypothesis
• D. Nondirectional hypothesis

Explanation: The statement predicts both a relationship and its direction, namely lower anxiety after the intervention.

• A. The nurses' hand hygiene compliance
• B. The two-hour education workshop
• C. The one-month follow-up period
• D. The nurses' professional designation

Explanation: The dependent variable is the outcome measured by the researcher. Here, hand hygiene compliance is measured after the workshop, whereas…

• A. Cross-sectional study
• B. Randomised controlled trial
• C. Prospective cohort study
• D. Quasi-experimental study

Explanation: A cross-sectional study measures variables at one point in time and does not involve an intervention.

• A. Age and complication differences
• B. The use of a pain score
• C. The name of the analgesic
• D. The order of the reference list

Explanation: A confounding factor is related to both the group assignment and the outcome and can offer an alternative explanation for the result.

• A. Systematic sampling
• B. Convenience sampling
• C. Purposive sampling
• D. Snowball sampling

Explanation: Systematic sampling selects members at a fixed interval from an ordered list after a random starting point.

• A. Poor content validity
• B. High test-retest reliability
• C. Sampling frame accuracy
• D. Inter-rater agreement

Explanation: Content validity concerns whether an instrument covers the subject it is intended to measure.

• A. Auditability of the findings
• B. Statistical significance
• C. Random allocation
• D. Blinding of participants

Explanation: An organised record of decisions and analysis creates an audit trail, supporting the credibility and dependability of qualitative…

• A. Stop the interview and respect the request
• B. Continue briefly to complete the section
• C. Ask the participant to justify the request
• D. Offer extra payment for finishing

Explanation: Participation is voluntary, and a participant may withdraw or pause without penalty.

• A. Assess local resources and adapt implementation safely
• B. Adopt the intervention without changing its protocol
• C. Reject the evidence because equipment is unavailable
• D. Use the intervention only for patients who request it

Explanation: Evidence-based practice combines research evidence with clinical expertise, patient preferences, and local resources.

• A. Patient education is important in every hospital.
• B. Many patients forget discharge instructions, but the effect of teach-back in this ward is unclear.
• C. Nurses should always provide better health education.
• D. Health education has been discussed in many nursing textbooks.

Explanation: A research problem identifies a specific issue and a gap that can be investigated.

• A. Experimental quantitative approach
• B. Descriptive qualitative approach
• C. Retrospective cohort approach
• D. Cross-sectional survey approach

Explanation: The study seeks mothers' descriptions and meanings, so a descriptive qualitative approach is appropriate.

• A. The new method prevents more infections than the usual method.
• B. The usual method is less effective than the new method.
• C. There is no difference in infection rates between the two methods.
• D. Patients using the new method will have fewer infections.

Explanation: A null hypothesis states that no difference or relationship exists between the groups or variables.