Free Veterinary Public Health and Zoonoses MCQs with Answers

• A. A disease transmitted naturally between vertebrate animals and humans
• B. A disease transmitted only between domestic animals
• C. A disease caused only by arthropod vectors
• D. A disease transmitted from humans to humans only

Explanation: A zoonosis is an infection that passes naturally between vertebrate animals and humans.

• A. Dairy cattle
• B. Domestic dog
• C. Household cat
• D. Domestic poultry

Explanation: In Pakistan, human rabies is most commonly associated with bites from infected domestic dogs.

• A. Horses and donkeys
• B. Cattle and buffaloes
• C. Sheep and goats
• D. Chickens and turkeys

Explanation: Brucella melitensis primarily infects sheep and goats and can cause severe disease in humans.

• A. A moist ulcer with a blue-green discharge
• B. A painful vesicular rash on the trunk
• C. A circular ringworm lesion with central clearing
• D. A painless black eschar with surrounding edema

Explanation: Cutaneous anthrax typically begins as a papule and progresses to a painless ulcer with a characteristic black eschar and marked…

• A. Sheep
• B. Dog
• C. Human
• D. Cattle

Explanation: Dogs and other canids carry the adult tapeworm in the intestine and shed eggs in their feces, making them definitive hosts.

• A. 100°C for 1 second
• B. 63°C for 30 minutes
• C. 72°C for 15 seconds
• D. 50°C for 5 minutes

Explanation: High-temperature short-time pasteurization commonly heats milk to 72°C for at least 15 seconds.

• A. Wait for symptoms before seeking medical care
• B. Close the wound immediately with tight sutures
• C. Apply soil to stop the bleeding
• D. Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and running water

Explanation: Prompt and thorough washing with soap and running water reduces the amount of virus at the wound site.

• A. Thorough cooking and prevention of kitchen cross-contamination
• B. Keeping cooked meat at room temperature for several hours
• C. Rinsing raw poultry before placing it in the refrigerator
• D. Using the same cutting board for raw and cooked foods

Explanation: Thorough cooking kills Salmonella, while separating raw poultry from ready-to-eat foods prevents cross-contamination.

• A. Treatment of infected animals without involving medical authorities
• B. Coordinated work among human, animal and environmental health sectors
• C. Control of human disease without monitoring animal populations
• D. Replacement of laboratory testing with traditional animal practices

Explanation: One Health recognizes that human, animal and environmental health are interconnected.

• A. Domestic cats, especially kittens
• B. Wild birds, especially crows
• C. Rodents, especially rats
• D. Cattle, especially adult bulls

Explanation: Rodents, particularly rats, may carry Leptospira in their kidneys and shed it in urine for long periods.

• A. Francisella tularensis
• B. Bartonella henselae
• C. Chlamydia psittaci
• D. Coxiella burnetii

Explanation: Q fever is caused by Coxiella burnetii, an intracellular bacterium associated especially with infected ruminants.

• A. Hyalomma ticks
• B. Culex mosquitoes
• C. Phlebotomine sandflies
• D. Simulium blackflies

Explanation: Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic virus is transmitted mainly by Hyalomma ticks, including through contact with infected livestock blood.

• A. Cysts in undercooked pork muscle
• B. Eggs from human faecal contamination
• C. Adult worms in raw vegetables
• D. Larvae in contaminated milk

Explanation: Ingestion of T. solium eggs allows larvae to cross the intestinal wall and form cysticerci in human tissues.

• A. Sheep shearers
• B. Dairy product retailers
• C. Poultry and bird handlers
• D. Aquaculture workers

Explanation: Psittacosis is caused by Chlamydia psittaci and is acquired mainly by inhaling contaminated dust or respiratory secretions from infected…

• A. Unwashed fruit
• B. Undercooked fish
• C. Raw eggs
• D. Unpasteurized milk

Explanation: M. bovis can be transmitted through milk from infected cattle when the milk is not adequately pasteurized.

• A. Use protective clothing and disinfect materials
• B. Administer antibiotics to every exposed worker
• C. Keep hides moist during transport
• D. Mix hides with untreated animal manure

Explanation: Protective clothing, safe handling, disinfection and proper disposal reduce exposure to anthrax spores on contaminated hides.

• A. Treat infected animals after slaughter
• B. Identify and control hazards at critical points
• C. Increase the shelf life of every food
• D. Replace laboratory testing with inspection

Explanation: HACCP is a preventive system that identifies hazards and controls them at defined critical points in food production.

• A. Rapid paralysis after a wound
• B. Severe watery diarrhoea after meals
• C. Undulating fever with night sweating
• D. A vesicular rash on the hands

Explanation: Human brucellosis commonly presents with intermittent or undulating fever, sweating and weakness after exposure to infected animals or…

• A. Encysted muscle larvae
• B. Adult intestinal worms
• C. Free swimming cercariae
• D. Embryonated eggs

Explanation: Humans acquire toxocariasis by ingesting embryonated Toxocara eggs from contaminated soil, food, or hands.

• A. Culex
• B. Anopheles
• C. Aedes
• D. Phlebotomus

Explanation: Culex mosquitoes, especially the Culex vishnui group, commonly transmit Japanese encephalitis virus.