All Free Management Sciences MCQs with Answers

• A. imitator
• B. adapter
• C. cloner
• D. counterfeiter

Explanation: A cloner reproduces the market leader’s product and packaging with only minor variations.

• A. imitator
• B. cloner
• C. counterfeiter
• D. adapter

Explanation: An adapter takes the leader's product and improves or modifies it for its own market offering.

• A. responsive marketers
• B. anticipative marketers
• C. creative marketers
• D. market driven marketers

Explanation: A responsive marketer identifies a need that customers have already stated and meets it effectively.

• A. counter defense
• B. flank defense
• C. position defense
• D. offensive defense

Explanation: Position defense protects the brand's established and most desirable place in customers' minds.

• A. counter defense
• B. offensive defense
• C. position defense
• D. flank defense

Explanation: Flank defense protects vulnerable sides of the market and creates positions from which a counterattack can be launched.

• A. counterfeiter
• B. cloner
• C. imitator
• D. adapter

Explanation: A counterfeiter makes an unauthorized duplicate of the leader's product and sells it through illegal channels or the black market.

• A. time-series analysis
• B. expert opinion
• C. sales force opinion
• D. buyer's intentions

Explanation: Time-series analysis examines historical sales data over time, including seasonal patterns and long-term trends.

• A. market equilibrium point
• B. vertical axis
• C. horizontal axis
• D. Company's equilibrium point

Explanation: In a market-demand graph, the resulting level of demand is conventionally plotted on the vertical axis, while the influencing variable…

• A. product demand
• B. market index
• C. market share
• D. product index

Explanation: Selective demand is demand for a particular product or brand, and the firm's relative success in capturing that demand is expressed as…

• A. product-index percentage
• B. market share percentage
• C. product potential percentage
• D. product-penetration percentage

Explanation: Product penetration percentage measures the proportion of a population that owns or uses a product or service.

• A. mega trend
• B. fabulous trend
• C. techno-socio trend
• D. super trend

Explanation: A megatrend is a broad, slow-moving economic, technological, social, or demographic change that continues for many years and influences…

• A. high market penetration index
• B. low market penetration index
• C. fixed index
• D. zero index

Explanation: A low market-penetration index indicates that the company has captured only a relatively small share of the market and may have room to…

• A. minor fad
• B. mega trend
• C. trend
• D. market disaster

Explanation: A trend is a direction or sequence of events that develops over time and can often be identified early enough to help predict the market's…

• A. product-share
• B. potential customers
• C. company market share
• D. sales response functions

Explanation: A sales-response function describes how changes in marketing expenditure, such as advertising or promotion, affect product sales.

• A. corporate environmentalism
• B. individual environmentalism
• C. market environmentalism
• D. environment segmentation

Explanation: Corporate environmentalism is the recognition that environmental concerns should be incorporated into the firm's strategic planning and…

• A. product potential
• B. market potential
• C. demand
• D. sales

Explanation: Market potential is the maximum possible sales of a product for all sellers in a market under a specified environment and level of…

• A. expanding expenditure
• B. limited expenditure
• C. expansible market
• D. no expansible market

Explanation: A nonexpansible market does not grow when competing firms increase their marketing expenditures, because the total market demand is…

• A. sales
• B. marketing effort
• C. raw material cost
• D. production

Explanation: In a sales forecast graph, the vertical axis normally measures the dependent outcome, sales, while the horizontal axis may show time…

• A. multiple-factor index method
• B. market-buildup method
• C. chain-ratio method
• D. demand-buildup method

Explanation: The market-buildup method estimates market potential by identifying potential buyers and adding their likely purchases, often using…

• A. zero
• B. low
• C. high
• D. fixed

Explanation: A high market-penetration index means the market is already close to its potential, so firms compete more aggressively for existing…