All Free Pharmacology MCQs with Answers

• A. Trannic acid
• B. Gelatin foam
• C. Adrenaline
• D. Vitamin-K

Explanation: Tranexamic acid, gelatin foam and adrenaline can be applied locally to reduce bleeding.

• A. It does not produce reflex tachycardia
• B. It is less potent as a coronary vasodilator
• C. It is contraindicated in patients with supraventicular tachycardia
• D. It can cause constipation

Explanation: Verapamil is used to terminate or prevent some supraventricular tachycardias, so it is not generally contraindicated in SVT; it is…

• A. It causes excertion of Na & Cl
• B. It is used as an adjunct in epilepsy
• C. It is very potent
• D. It causes metabolic alkalosis

Explanation: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors cause renal loss of bicarbonate, sodium and chloride, producing metabolic acidosis rather than alkalosis.

• A. Spironolactone
• B. Bumetainde
• C. Triamtrence
• D. Amelioride

Explanation: Bumetanide is a loop diuretic and increases potassium loss, unlike spironolactone, triamterene and amiloride, which conserve potassium.

• A. cAMP
• B. cGMP
• C. PDE-5
• D. PGI2

Explanation: Sildenafil selectively inhibits phosphodiesterase-5, preventing cGMP breakdown and thereby prolonging smooth-muscle relaxation.

• A. Plasmin
• B. Acetylsalicylic acid
• C. Heparin
• D. Prothrombin

Explanation: Heparin is a highly sulfated mucopolysaccharide glycosaminoglycan stored in mast cells, including those in the liver.

• A. High K+ levels
• B. High Ca2+ levels
• C. High Na+ levels
• D. Low K+ levels

Explanation: Hypokalaemia enhances digoxin binding to Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and increases ectopic automaticity, predisposing to arrhythmias.

• A. Digoxin
• B. Digitoxin
• C. Ergotoxine
• D. Gitoxin

Explanation: Digoxin, digitoxin and gitoxin are cardiac glycosides. Ergotoxine is an ergot alkaloid, not a cardiac glycoside.

• A. NIfedipine
• B. Isosobide dinitrate
• C. Verapamil
• D. Digoxin

Explanation: Among these options, nifedipine is the traditional answer for lowering markedly elevated blood pressure, although immediate-release…

• A. Increasing A-V conduction
• B. Decreasing cardiac excitability
• C. Increasing cardiac conduction velocity
• D. Increasing spontaneous pacemaker activity

Explanation: Lidocaine blocks fast sodium channels in cardiac tissue, reducing abnormal automaticity and cardiac excitability, particularly in…

• A. Amiodarone
• B. Phenytoin
• C. Verapamil
• D. Disorpyamide

Explanation: Verapamil undergoes substantial hepatic first-pass metabolism, so its oral bioavailability is much lower than its parenteral availability.

• A. Propranolol
• B. Timolol
• C. Metoprolol
• D. Labetalol

Explanation: Labetalol blocks both beta receptors and alpha-1 receptors, producing reduced heart rate and peripheral vasodilation.

• A. Sodium Nitro prusside
• B. Hydrallazine
• C. Nifedipine
• D. Nitrates

Explanation: Hydralazine and nifedipine predominantly dilate arterioles, while nitrates mainly dilate veins and reduce venous return.

• A. Angina pectoris
• B. Cardiac arrhythmia
• C. Cardiac failure
• D. Myocardial infarction

Explanation: Beta blockers are generally avoided in acute or decompensated cardiac failure because their negative inotropic effect can worsen pump…

• A. Direct action on smooth muscle
• B. Slows SA node conductivity
• C. Blocks arrhythmia
• D. Increases perfusion to heart

Explanation: Nitroglycerin releases nitric oxide, increasing cyclic GMP and directly relaxing vascular smooth muscle, especially veins.

• A. Hypokalemia
• B. Hyperuricemia
• C. Hypercalcemia
• D. Hyponatremia

Explanation: Frusemide increases urinary calcium loss and therefore tends to cause hypocalcaemia, not hypercalcaemia.

• A. The effect is more pronounced in venous
• B. High membrane penetrability
• C. Poorly suited for oral administration
• D. All of the above

Explanation: Nitroglycerin is highly lipid-soluble and rapidly crosses membranes, but extensive first-pass metabolism makes it poorly suited to…

• A. Mixture of sulphated polypeptide
• B. Known to cause idiopathic thrombocytosis
• C. Half-life is 90 min
• D. Decrease action of prothrombin III

Explanation: Unfractionated heparin has a short, dose-dependent half-life of roughly 60 to 90 minutes.

• A. Hydralazine
• B. a-Methldopa
• C. Nifedipine
• D. Enlapril

Explanation: Enalapril, an ACE inhibitor, is contraindicated in pregnancy because it can impair fetal renal development and cause fetal renal failure…

• A. Quinapril
• B. Fosinopril
• C. Benzopril
• D. Lisinopril

Explanation: Quinapril, fosinopril and benazepril are prodrugs converted to active diacid metabolites.