All Free Fundamentals of Nursing MCQs with Answers
Every Fundamentals of Nursing question in the bank, across all chapters, each with the correct answer and a written explanation. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
500 questions · page 16 of 25
- A. Carbohydrate provides 4 kilocalories per gram
- B. Protein provides 4 kilocalories per gram
- C. Fat provides 9 kilocalories per gram
- D. Vitamin provides 9 kilocalories per gram
Explanation: Fat provides 9 kilocalories per gram, while carbohydrate and protein provide 4 kilocalories per gram.
Correct answer: Fat provides 9 kilocalories per gram- A. Enteral feeding through a nasogastric tube
- B. Peripheral parenteral nutrition through a small vein
- C. Total parenteral nutrition through a central vein
- D. Intramuscular injection of nutritional supplements
Explanation: Enteral feeding uses the gastrointestinal tract and is preferred when it is functioning, even when oral swallowing is unsafe.
Correct answer: Enteral feeding through a nasogastric tube- A. Stop the infusion and flush the catheter with saline
- B. Continue the infusion with sterile water until the bag arrives
- C. Administer prescribed dextrose while arranging the replacement bag
- D. Increase the infusion rate after the replacement bag arrives
Explanation: TPN should not be stopped suddenly because the patient may develop rebound hypoglycaemia.
Correct answer: Administer prescribed dextrose while arranging the replacement bag- A. Offer a large meal containing extra protein
- B. Assess vital signs and begin prescribed fluid replacement
- C. Restrict oral fluids to prevent further diarrhoea
- D. Place the patient flat and delay further assessment
Explanation: Thirst, dry mucous membranes and postural dizziness suggest extracellular fluid loss and possible reduced circulating volume.
Correct answer: Assess vital signs and begin prescribed fluid replacement- A. Place the patient in high Fowler position and assess breathing
- B. Encourage oral fluids to improve renal circulation
- C. Continue the infusion and reassess after the next vital signs
- D. Place the patient flat and elevate both legs
Explanation: Breathlessness, crackles and falling oxygen saturation suggest pulmonary fluid accumulation.
Correct answer: Place the patient in high Fowler position and assess breathing- A. Protect the patient from injury and maintain airway safety
- B. Offer plain water to correct the sodium concentration
- C. Encourage walking to assess muscle strength
- D. Administer potassium rapidly through a peripheral vein
Explanation: Severe hyponatraemia can cause cerebral oedema, confusion and seizures.
Correct answer: Protect the patient from injury and maintain airway safety- A. Administer prescribed potassium by slow diluted infusion
- B. Give potassium chloride by rapid intravenous push
- C. Restrict all potassium-containing foods and fluids
- D. Place the patient on fluid restriction without monitoring
Explanation: Vomiting can cause potassium loss, and hypokalaemia may produce muscle weakness and dangerous dysrhythmias.
Correct answer: Administer prescribed potassium by slow diluted infusion- A. Place the patient on continuous cardiac monitoring
- B. Encourage the patient to eat potassium-rich fruit
- C. Administer prescribed potassium replacement immediately
- D. Give a salt substitute instead of the prescribed diet
Explanation: Severe hyperkalaemia with peaked T waves indicates an immediate risk of life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmia.
Correct answer: Place the patient on continuous cardiac monitoring- A. Metabolic alkalosis caused by gastric acid loss
- B. Metabolic acidosis caused by bicarbonate loss
- C. Respiratory acidosis caused by slow breathing
- D. Respiratory alkalosis caused by rapid breathing
Explanation: Gastric secretions contain hydrochloric acid, so prolonged vomiting can cause chloride loss with metabolic alkalosis.
Correct answer: Metabolic alkalosis caused by gastric acid loss- A. It provides only protein, vitamins and minerals
- B. It provides essential nutrients in suitable amounts
- C. It provides mainly carbohydrates for body energy
- D. It provides extra fat to prevent nutrient deficiency
Explanation: A balanced diet supplies carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, fibre and water in appropriate proportions.
Correct answer: It provides essential nutrients in suitable amounts- A. F-75 therapeutic milk
- B. F-100 therapeutic milk
- C. High-protein adult formula
- D. Undiluted oral rehydration solution
Explanation: F-75 provides cautious nutrition during the stabilisation phase of severe acute malnutrition.
Correct answer: F-75 therapeutic milk- A. It prevents all catheter-related infections
- B. It allows administration of hypertonic solutions
- C. It eliminates the need to monitor blood glucose
- D. It allows the patient to eat less frequent meals
Explanation: TPN is highly concentrated and may irritate small peripheral veins, so a central vein is used for rapid dilution by the larger blood flow.
Correct answer: It allows administration of hypertonic solutions- A. A positive balance of 250 mL
- B. A positive balance of 1,000 mL
- C. A negative balance of 250 mL
- D. A negative balance of 1,000 mL
Explanation: Total intake is 500 + 450 + 50 = 1,000 mL. Total output is 600 + 150 = 750 mL, so the balance is 1,000 - 750 = positive 250 mL.
Correct answer: A positive balance of 250 mL- A. Bounding pulse with dependent oedema
- B. Crackles with distended neck veins
- C. Tachycardia with concentrated urine
- D. Rapid weight gain with moist crackles
Explanation: Tachycardia and concentrated urine commonly occur when circulating fluid volume is reduced.
Correct answer: Tachycardia with concentrated urine- A. Place the patient flat during feeding
- B. Keep the head of bed elevated during feeding
- C. Add extra water directly to the formula
- D. Flush the tube only after symptoms develop
Explanation: Keeping the head of the bed elevated during and after feeding reduces reflux and aspiration risk.
Correct answer: Keep the head of bed elevated during feeding- A. Correct the sodium level rapidly within one hour
- B. Correct the sodium level gradually with frequent monitoring
- C. Restrict all fluids until the sodium level normalises
- D. Give concentrated saline to remove excess sodium
Explanation: Chronic or severe hypernatremia is corrected gradually to reduce the risk of cerebral oedema.
Correct answer: Correct the sodium level gradually with frequent monitoring- A. Report the findings and prepare prescribed calcium replacement
- B. Encourage walking to improve calcium absorption
- C. Offer potassium-rich foods and repeat observations later
- D. Restrict oral fluids to prevent further electrolyte loss
Explanation: Perioral tingling and carpopedal spasm suggest acute hypocalcemia, which can progress to laryngospasm and seizures.
Correct answer: Report the findings and prepare prescribed calcium replacement- A. Diarrhoea with muscle twitching
- B. Constipation with weakness and lethargy
- C. Stridor with carpopedal spasm
- D. Positive Chvostek sign with tremors
Explanation: Hypercalcemia commonly causes constipation, muscle weakness, lethargy and reduced neuromuscular excitability.
Correct answer: Constipation with weakness and lethargy- A. Administer it by rapid intravenous push
- B. Infuse it diluted using a controlled pump
- C. Give it undiluted through a small peripheral vein
- D. Stop cardiac monitoring during the infusion
Explanation: Intravenous potassium must be diluted and infused at a controlled rate, with appropriate monitoring, because rapid administration can…
Correct answer: Infuse it diluted using a controlled pump- A. Building and repairing body tissues
- B. Providing roughage for bowel movement
- C. Maintaining vision in dim light
- D. Regulating body temperature directly
Explanation: Protein supplies amino acids needed for tissue growth, repair, enzymes and antibodies.
Correct answer: Building and repairing body tissues