All Free Fundamentals of Nursing MCQs with Answers

• A. Confirm tube position by abdominal auscultation
• B. Begin feeding after checking the tube marking
• C. Confirm initial placement by prescribed radiography
• D. Flush the tube with water and start the feed

Explanation: Initial nasogastric tube placement should be confirmed by radiography before feeding.

• A. Stop the infusion immediately and leave the line empty
• B. Report the result and follow the prescribed glucose management plan
• C. Add insulin directly to the parenteral nutrition bag
• D. Replace the solution with plain intravenous water

Explanation: Hyperglycaemia is a possible complication of parenteral nutrition and should be reported for assessment and prescribed treatment.

• A. Give oral rehydration solution in frequent small amounts
• B. Offer only plain water until the diarrhoea stops
• C. Withhold all fluids for four hours to rest the bowel
• D. Give an antidiarrhoeal medicine after each loose stool

Explanation: Oral rehydration solution replaces water and electrolytes in the correct proportions and is given frequently in small amounts.

• A. Moist oral mucosa with a normal appetite
• B. New crackles with increasing shortness of breath
• C. Warm hands with a regular radial pulse
• D. Urine that is pale yellow in colour

Explanation: Rapid weight gain suggests fluid retention, and crackles with breathlessness may indicate pulmonary oedema, which threatens breathing.

• A. Intense thirst and dry, sticky mucous membranes
• B. Dependent oedema and moist lung sounds
• C. Carpopedal spasm with facial twitching
• D. Bounding pulse with severe neck vein distension

Explanation: Hypernatremia commonly causes cellular dehydration, producing thirst, dry mucous membranes, restlessness and neurological changes.

• A. Shortened QT interval
• B. Prolonged QT interval
• C. Peaked T waves
• D. Absent P waves only

Explanation: Low serum calcium prolongs ventricular repolarisation and may produce a prolonged QT interval.

• A. White rice
• B. Banana
• C. Cabbage
• D. Apple juice

Explanation: Bananas are rich in potassium and may need to be limited when renal potassium excretion is impaired.

• A. Metabolic acidosis from bicarbonate loss
• B. Metabolic alkalosis from gastric acid loss
• C. Respiratory acidosis from hypoventilation
• D. Respiratory alkalosis from excessive ventilation

Explanation: Diarrhoea causes loss of bicarbonate-rich intestinal fluid, which can produce hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin K
• D. Vitamin D

Explanation: Vitamin K is needed for the production of several clotting factors in the liver.

• A. Flat supine position
• B. Head elevated 30 to 45 degrees
• C. Prone position with head turned
• D. Trendelenburg position

Explanation: Elevating the head of the bed reduces reflux and aspiration during enteral feeding.

• A. Increase the infusion rate
• B. Assess the patient and notify the prescriber
• C. Apply a warm compress and continue feeding
• D. Flush the line with unsterile water

Explanation: These findings suggest a catheter-related infection, so the patient needs prompt assessment and medical review.

• A. Bounding pulse with moist mucosa
• B. Orthostatic hypotension with tachycardia
• C. Periorbital oedema with weight gain
• D. Crackles with elevated jugular veins

Explanation: A fall in blood pressure on standing together with tachycardia suggests reduced circulating volume.

• A. Encourage unlimited oral water
• B. Restrict fluids as ordered
• C. Give potassium-rich foods freely
• D. Place the patient in a warm bath

Explanation: SIADH causes excessive water retention, dilutional hyponatraemia and concentrated urine.

• A. F-75 therapeutic milk
• B. F-100 therapeutic milk
• C. Plain water only
• D. Intravenous dextrose only

Explanation: F-100 provides more energy and protein than F-75 and is used during rehabilitation after the child is stabilised.

• A. Take small, frequent sips after each loose stool
• B. Stop all fluids until diarrhoea ends
• C. Replace the solution with undiluted fruit juice
• D. Drink only when severe thirst develops

Explanation: Small, frequent amounts of oral rehydration solution replace water and electrolytes while reducing vomiting.

• A. Increase the feeding rate
• B. Assess the patient and review the feeding prescription
• C. Add concentrated protein powder without an order
• D. Place the patient flat and continue feeding

Explanation: The nurse should assess the patient, check the tube and review the prescribed formula and rate before changing treatment.

• A. Chloride is the main intracellular cation
• B. Chloride helps maintain extracellular fluid balance
• C. Chloride is produced only by the kidneys
• D. Chloride directly carries oxygen in red cells

Explanation: Chloride is the major extracellular anion and helps maintain fluid, osmotic and acid-base balance with sodium.

• A. It supports bowel movement and helps prevent constipation
• B. It supplies concentrated energy for tissue growth
• C. It increases absorption of dietary cholesterol
• D. It maintains the blood clotting process

Explanation: Dietary fibre adds bulk to stool and supports normal intestinal movement, helping prevent constipation.

• A. Low serum phosphate
• B. High serum calcium
• C. Low serum chloride
• D. High serum sodium

Explanation: Refeeding can cause a rapid shift of phosphate into cells as carbohydrate metabolism increases, producing hypophosphataemia.

• A. Enteral feeding through a gastrointestinal tube
• B. Parenteral nutrition through a venous catheter
• C. Intravenous administration of prescribed electrolytes
• D. Intravenous administration of prescribed glucose

Explanation: Enteral feeding requires a functioning gastrointestinal tract and may worsen distension or vomiting in complete obstruction.