Free Non-Communicable Diseases MCQs with Answers

• A. Pulmonary tuberculosis
• B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
• C. Acute viral hepatitis A
• D. Dengue fever

Explanation: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a long-term metabolic disease and is not spread from person to person.

• A. Family history of hypertension
• B. Increasing age
• C. Cigarette smoking
• D. Inherited sex

Explanation: Cigarette smoking can be reduced or stopped, making it a modifiable risk factor.

• A. Teaching a person with diabetes to inspect the feet
• B. Encouraging healthy eating and regular physical activity
• C. Screening adults for raised blood glucose
• D. Referring a patient with kidney disease for dialysis

Explanation: Primary prevention acts before disease develops by reducing risk, such as promoting healthy eating and physical activity.

• A. To provide immediate treatment for every abnormal result
• B. To detect possible hypertension at an early stage
• C. To confirm that the person has cardiovascular disease
• D. To replace the need for a complete health history

Explanation: Blood pressure screening helps identify people who may have hypertension and need repeat assessment or referral.

• A. Ask him to walk to the registration desk
• B. Place him at rest and rapidly assess airway, breathing and circulation
• C. Give detailed advice about reducing dietary salt
• D. Arrange a routine appointment for the next week

Explanation: Possible acute coronary syndrome threatens circulation, so the nurse should keep the patient at rest and perform an immediate ABC…

• A. “Check your feet daily and wear well-fitting protective footwear.”
• B. “Soak your feet in hot water each evening to improve circulation.”
• C. “Use a sharp blade to remove any thickened skin.”
• D. “Apply strong antiseptic whenever the feet feel numb.”

Explanation: Loss of sensation can allow injuries to go unnoticed, so daily inspection and protective footwear reduce the risk of ulcers.

• A. Helping a patient adapt after cancer surgery
• B. Encouraging avoidance of tobacco use
• C. Screening eligible people to detect disease early
• D. Providing pain relief during advanced cancer

Explanation: Secondary prevention aims to detect disease early through screening or early case finding.

• A. “You must stop immediately or treatment will fail.”
• B. “Tell me what makes quitting difficult, and we can plan a quit attempt.”
• C. “Switch to another tobacco product because it is safer.”
• D. “Avoid discussing smoking until you develop symptoms.”

Explanation: Exploring barriers and agreeing on a quit plan uses supportive, patient-centred counselling.

• A. Encourage the patient to continue walking until the target is reached
• B. Stop the activity, position the patient comfortably and assess breathing
• C. Offer a large meal before restarting the exercise
• D. Ask the patient to lie flat and rest without assessment

Explanation: The priority is breathing, so activity should stop and the nurse should position the patient to ease ventilation while assessing…

• A. “I will stop the medicine when my blood pressure becomes normal.”
• B. “I will take it regularly and discuss side effects before stopping it.”
• C. “I only need it on days when I have a headache.”
• D. “I can double the next dose if I miss one dose.”

Explanation: Hypertension may have no symptoms, so regular treatment helps reduce complications such as stroke and heart disease.

• A. Random blood glucose test
• B. Urine glucose test
• C. Glycated haemoglobin test
• D. Two-hour post-meal glucose test

Explanation: Glycated haemoglobin, or HbA1c, reflects glucose attached to haemoglobin over the life of red blood cells, approximately 2 to 3 months.

• A. Advise extra exercise and observe symptoms
• B. Tell the patient to take the next dose early
• C. Ask the patient to increase dietary potassium
• D. Instruct the patient to stop and contact the prescriber promptly

Explanation: Severe muscle pain, weakness and dark urine may indicate statin-associated muscle injury with possible rhabdomyolysis.

• A. Use less salt and limit processed foods
• B. Drink more fruit juice with each meal
• C. Avoid all physical activity during hot weather
• D. Replace vegetables with high-protein foods

Explanation: Reducing dietary sodium, especially from processed and packaged foods, supports blood pressure control and prevention of hypertension.

• A. Wait until the next planned treatment visit
• B. Take leftover antibiotics without consultation
• C. Contact the oncology team or seek urgent assessment
• D. Increase fluid intake and continue normal activities

Explanation: Fever during chemotherapy may indicate infection in a patient with reduced immune defences and requires urgent assessment.

• A. Keeping the affected arm in a sling continuously
• B. Performing prescribed range-of-motion exercises
• C. Massaging the affected limb forcefully every hour
• D. Restricting movement until muscle strength returns

Explanation: Correctly performed, prescribed range-of-motion exercises maintain joint mobility and help prevent contractures during stroke…

• A. Teaching adolescents to avoid tobacco
• B. Measuring blood pressure in healthy adults
• C. Providing cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction
• D. Testing asymptomatic adults for raised cholesterol

Explanation: Cardiac rehabilitation reduces disability and improves function after established cardiovascular disease, so it is tertiary prevention.

• A. Keep doors closed to retain warmth
• B. Improve ventilation and use a cleaner cooking fuel
• C. Burn more biomass to shorten cooking time
• D. Use scented smoke to mask the cooking odour

Explanation: Indoor smoke from biomass fuel can damage the airways and worsen chronic respiratory disease.

• A. To guarantee complete removal of the cancer
• B. To relieve suffering and improve quality of life
• C. To replace every treatment with bed rest
• D. To prevent the family from discussing the illness

Explanation: Palliative care focuses on comfort, symptom control, psychosocial support and quality of life for the patient and family.

• A. Give a fast-acting source of glucose
• B. Administer the scheduled insulin dose
• C. Ask the patient to walk to improve circulation
• D. Offer a high-fat meal and reassess later

Explanation: Pallor, tremor, sweating and confusion suggest hypoglycaemia, which requires rapid treatment with fast-acting glucose when the patient is…

• A. Warn that missed visits show poor motivation
• B. Explore the barrier and arrange a practical follow-up plan
• C. Stop discussing treatment until attendance improves
• D. Tell the family to supervise every medicine dose

Explanation: The nurse should identify the real barrier and collaborate on a feasible plan, such as a nearer facility, community follow-up or an agreed…