Free Learning and Motivation MCQs with Answers
370 Learning and Motivation MCQs from Psychology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
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370 questions · page 11 of 19
- A. an increase in stimulus generalization
- B. the strength of the UR to increase
- C. an increase in response generalization
- D. extinction to occur
Explanation: When a conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the expected reinforcement, the conditioned response gradually weakens, which…
Correct answer: extinction to occur202. What is learning?
- A. Give rise to many habits
- B. Give rise to many emotional states
- C. Gibes rise to many economic abilities
- D. Give rise to many permanent behavioural changes
Explanation: Learning is generally defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior or behavioral potential resulting from experience.
Correct answer: Give rise to many permanent behavioural changes- A. Pavlov
- B. Skinner
- C. Thorndike
- D. Watson
Explanation: Edward Thorndike proposed connectionism, the view that learning forms connections between situations and responses.
Correct answer: Thorndike- A. To know the problem
- B. To comprehend and sole the problems
- C. To comprehend the problem by experience
- D. To remove the problem
Explanation: Learning improves a person’s ability to understand situations and solve problems by building knowledge and useful response patterns…
Correct answer: To comprehend and sole the problems- A. Two stimuli being paired that produce a conditioned response over time
- B. An organism interacting with its environment, becoming changed by experience, and thereby modifying subsequent behaviours
- C. An organism interacting with its environment through autoshaping and conditioning
- D. An organism responding to its environment based on reinforcement or punishment for behaviours
- E. The effect of parents, teachers and peers
Explanation: Learning is a relatively lasting change produced through interaction with the environment and experience, which alters later behaviour.
Correct answer: An organism interacting with its environment, becoming changed by experience, and thereby modifying subsequent behaviours- A. A snail experiences a brief jolt of the surface on which it is crawling and reacts by reacting into its shell. Subsequent jolts however, are found to be less effective in inducing withdrawal, until the reaction finally disappears
- B. The first conspicuous moving object seen by a newly hatched chick is a laboratory attendant. As a consequence, the chick develops an attachment to that person, approaching and following him or her, and tending to avoid other things
- C. A rat is given access to a distinctively flavoured foodstuff that has been lanced with a small amount of prison, enough to induce nausea but not enough to kill. On recovering from its illness however, the rat will still go back to the flavour
- D. A hungry pigeon is given a small amount of food each time it happens to make a turn in a particular direction. After experiencing a few rewards, the bird develops an increasing tendency to circle on the spot in the 'correct' direction
Explanation: Habituation, imprinting, and operant or accidental conditioning are forms of learning.
Correct answer: A rat is given access to a distinctively flavoured foodstuff that has been lanced with a small amount of prison, enough to induce nausea but not enough to kill. On recovering from its illness however, the rat will still go back to the flavour- A. Conditioned stimuli
- B. Unconditioned stimuli
- C. Change
- D. Association
- E. All of the above
Explanation: Classical conditioning depends on forming an association between stimuli, so a previously neutral stimulus can acquire the power to elicit…
Correct answer: Association- A. Unconditioned stimulus, conditioned response, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response
- B. Conditioned stimulus, conditioned response, unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response
- C. Unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned response
- D. Unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response
- E. Conditioned response, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, unconditioned stimulus
Explanation: Food naturally produces salivation, making food the unconditioned stimulus and salivation the unconditioned response.
Correct answer: Unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response- A. The UR and CR are not always the same response
- B. Organisms come to generally behave toward conditioned stimulus as they do unconditioned stimulus
- C. Stimulus situation
- D. The UR and CR are always the same response
- E. (a), (b) and (c)
Explanation: The conditioned response often resembles the unconditioned response, but it is not necessarily identical, and organisms learn to respond…
Correct answer: (a), (b) and (c)- A. The law of effect relates to Pavlov's proposal that reward will strengthen the connection between the response that preceded it and any stimuli present when it is delivered
- B. In modern terminology, Thorndike's 'satisfiers' and 'annoyers' are called enforces and punishers
- C. In the law of effect, a stimulus-response (S-R) association is learned
- D. It is generally thought that the likelihood of an animal responding in a particular way cannot be controlled by the consequence of the response
Explanation: Thorndike’s law of effect states that consequences strengthen or weaken the stimulus-response connection, so an S-R association is…
Correct answer: In the law of effect, a stimulus-response (S-R) association is learned- A. Contiguity and conditioning
- B. Habituation and contiguity
- C. Blocking and preparedness
- D. Blocking and autoshaping
- E. Preparedness and conditioning
Explanation: Blocking prevents a new cue from gaining control when an older cue already predicts the outcome, while preparedness makes some…
Correct answer: Blocking and preparedness- A. 1,2 & 3
- B. 2,3 & 4
- C. 1,2 & 4
- D. 4
Explanation: Habituation is a response decline after repeated exposure, and dishabituation is its temporary return after a salient additional stimulus.
Correct answer: 1,2 & 4- A. Perceptual learning, spatial learning and discrimination learning
- B. Imprinting, aversive conditioning and instrumental learning
- C. Classroom learning, street wise learning and common sense
- D. Reinforcement, punishment and habituation
- E. (a), (b) and (c)
Explanation: Perceptual, spatial, and discrimination learning can occur through changes in how stimuli are represented or distinguished, rather than…
Correct answer: Perceptual learning, spatial learning and discrimination learning- A. OCD behaviours are naturally learned from biological relatives
- B. OCD behaviours are learned from pairing anxiety-provoking stimuli with common behaviours
- C. OCD behaviours are learned by perceptual processing of anxiety-provoking stimuli
- D. OCD behaviours are contingent upon schedule of reinforcement
- E. OCD behaviours are reinforced and maintained because they reduce anxiety
Explanation: Compulsions are maintained through negative reinforcement: performing the ritual temporarily reduces anxiety or distress, which increases…
Correct answer: OCD behaviours are reinforced and maintained because they reduce anxiety- A. 1 & 2
- B. 1 & 3
- C. 2 & 3
- D. 4
Explanation: Watson and Rayner proposed that complex adult emotions could develop from conditioning simpler childhood reactions, and Albert’s fear…
Correct answer: 1 & 3- A. In the experiment by Gracia and Koelling (1966), animals given LiCl as the US showed an aversion to the light and click
- B. Researchers have tended to assume that they results obtained from laboratory studies reveal general principles about the nature of association formation which apply to other species and other stimuli
- C. The experiment of Gracia and Koelling (1966) opposed the nation of preparedness
- D. The result of Gracia and Koelling's (1966) experiment supported researchers' attempts to establish general laws of learning
Explanation: Garcia and Koelling’s findings showed that LiCl-induced illness produced an aversion mainly to the taste or flavor cue, not equally to the…
Correct answer: Researchers have tended to assume that they results obtained from laboratory studies reveal general principles about the nature of association formation which apply to other species and other stimuli- A. 1 & 2
- B. 2 & 3
- C. 1 & 3
- D. 2 & 4
Explanation: In a learning set, animals can use a win-stay, lose-shift rule, persisting after reward and switching after nonreward.
Correct answer: 2 & 4- A. Response-outcome association
- B. Stimulus-response association
- C. Selective response learning
- D. Instrumental learning
- E. Stimulus-habit association
Explanation: The familiar route was triggered by the starting situation and automatically produced the usual response, even though the intended outcome…
Correct answer: Stimulus-response association- A. Rates master spatial tasks much more easily than typical configural learning tasks
- B. Spatial learning operates according to principles identical to those that underlie classical and instrumental conditioning procedures
- C. Exposure top an environment can allow the animal to forma a cognitive map of the environment
- D. The animal is then able to negative because it knows its own position with respect to its internal representation environment
Explanation: Spatial learning is not governed by principles identical to simple classical and instrumental conditioning; it can involve a cognitive map…
Correct answer: Spatial learning operates according to principles identical to those that underlie classical and instrumental conditioning procedures- A. 1 & 2
- B. 2 & 3
- C. 3 & 4
- D. 1 & 3
Explanation: Blocking demonstrates that a previously trained CS can prevent learning about a new CS, even when the new CS is paired contiguously with…
Correct answer: 1 & 2