What type of learning do not rely on forming associations among stimuli and events?
Correct answer: A. Perceptual learning, spatial learning and discrimination learning
- A. Perceptual learning, spatial learning and discrimination learning
- B. Imprinting, aversive conditioning and instrumental learning
- C. Classroom learning, street wise learning and common sense
- D. Reinforcement, punishment and habituation
- E. (a), (b) and (c)
Explanation
Perceptual, spatial, and discrimination learning can occur through changes in how stimuli are represented or distinguished, rather than through simple stimulus-stimulus associations. The other options include clearly associative forms such as conditioning, reinforcement, or punishment.
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