All Free Pathology MCQs with Answers

• A. Deficiency of copper
• B. Purely nutritional disorder etiology
• C. No increased risk of Sq. cell carcinoma
• D. Mutation of DNA repair gene

Explanation: Fanconi anaemia is an inherited DNA repair defect, causing bone-marrow failure and congenital abnormalities.

• A. Valine for glutamic acid at the sixth position of beta chain
• B. Phenylalanine for glutamic acid
• C. Tyrosine for valine at the 6th position at beta chain
• D. All of the above

Explanation: Sickle cell anaemia results from a missense mutation in the β-globin gene, replacing glutamic acid with valine at position 6.

• A. G6PD
• B. Thalassemia
• C. Malaria
• D. Dengue fever

Explanation: Heterozygous HbAS reduces the ability of Plasmodium falciparum to survive in red cells, giving partial protection against severe malaria.

• A. 0.06 mg
• B. 0.6 mg
• C. 60 mg
• D. 600 mg

Explanation: Healthy adult men lose about 0.6 mg of iron daily, mainly through shedding of intestinal and skin cells, so only a small amount must be…

• A. DIC
• B. haemophilia
• C. Thrombocytopenic purpura
• D. Thrombasthenia

Explanation: Fibrin degradation products rise when widespread coagulation generates and breaks down fibrin, as occurs in disseminated intravascular…

• A. Provide differentiated terminal cells
• B. Reconstitution of Bone marrow
• C. Formation of the ovum
• D. Act as a repair system for the body

Explanation: True bone marrow stem cells can self-renew and reconstitute the entire marrow after transplantation or severe injury.

• A. Appendicitis
• B. Meningitis
• C. Enteric fever
• D. Myocardial infarction

Explanation: Leukopenia is a classic blood finding in enteric fever, particularly due to reduced neutrophils.

• A. Fungal infections
• B. Protozoal infectionsOrder DNA Kits
• C. Bacterial infections
• D. Viral infections

Explanation: Lymphocytosis is classically associated with viral infections, whereas neutrophilia more often accompanies acute bacterial infection.

• A. Agraulocytosis
• B. Infectious mononucleosis
• C. Subleukemic leukemia
• D. Leukoerythroblastic anemia

Explanation: Agranulocytosis denotes severe depletion of granulocytes, especially neutrophils, producing recurrent bacterial infections such as sore…

• A. Aplasti anemia
• B. Systemic lupus erythematosus
• C. Acute leukemia
• D. Cancer chemotherapy

Explanation: Systemic lupus erythematosus can cause immune-mediated platelet destruction, producing thrombocytopenia similar to immune thrombocytopenic…

• A. Hemophilia
• B. Lupus anticoagulant
• C. Platelet disorder
• D. Liver disease

Explanation: Primary hemostasis forms the platelet plug, so it is impaired by platelet number or function disorders.

• A. Vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia
• B. Thalassaemia
• C. Sickle cell anaemia
• D. Here ditary spherocytosis

Explanation: Hereditary spherocytosis causes spherical, densely staining red cells due to a red-cell membrane defect, with extravascular hemolysis…

• A. b-thalassaemia crait
• B. Sickle cell trait
• C. Glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
• D. a-Thalassamia

Explanation: Beta-thalassemia trait increases delta-chain pairing because beta-chain production is reduced, leading to increased HbA2.

• A. 10 to 20% haemoglobins
• B. 75 to 100% haemoglobins
• C. 20 to 30% haemoglobins
• D. 50 to 60% haemoglobins

Explanation: In sickle-cell anemia, HbS usually accounts for about 75 to 100% of hemoglobin, with little or no HbA because both beta-globin genes…

• A. AML
• B. CML
• C. ALL
• D. CLL

Explanation: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a recognized complication of chronic lymphocytic leukemia because the abnormal B-cell disorder promotes…

• A. Multiple myeloma
• B. Osteoporosis
• C. Infectious mononcleosis
• D. T - cell tumour

Explanation: This describes Bence Jones protein, an immunoglobulin light chain associated with multiple myeloma.

• A. Reduced score of acid phosphatase in granulocytes
• B. Reduced score of alkaline phosphatase in granulocytes
• C. Total lack of platelets
• D. Total lack of neutrophils

Explanation: Chronic myeloid leukemia typically has a low leukocyte alkaline phosphatase score, unlike the high score commonly seen in reactive…

• A. Foliate deficiency anemia
• B. Pernicious anemia
• C. Both B and C
• D. Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia

Explanation: Neurologic abnormalities result from vitamin B12 deficiency, which causes subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord.

• A. Platelets
• B. erythrocytes
• C. matures neutrophils
• D. immature neutrophils

Explanation: A left shift means increased release of immature neutrophil forms, especially band cells, from the bone marrow.

• A. Hemophilia
• B. Von Willebrand disease
• C. Thrombocytopenia
• D. Ehlers danlos syndrome

Explanation: Hemophilia is a coagulation-factor defect, so bleeding time is usually normal while the activated partial thromboplastin time is…