All Paediatric Nursing MCQs

Question 1

Which nutrient is the main building material for a child's muscles, organs, enzymes, and antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Answer

Carbohydrate

Answer

Dietary fat

Answer

Vitamin C

Question 2

A caregiver gives a 9-month-old child large amounts of cow's milk instead of family foods. Which problem is this practice most likely to cause?

Accepted Answer

Iron-deficiency anaemia

Answer

Vitamin C toxicity

Answer

Iodine excess

Answer

Protein allergy

Question 3

A nurse assesses a child whose diet contains very little fat. Which function of dietary fat should the nurse explain to the caregiver?

Accepted Answer

It helps absorb vitamins A, D, E, and K

Answer

It provides four kilocalories per gram

Answer

It prevents all childhood infections

Answer

It replaces the need for dietary protein

Question 4

A 6-year-old child has dermatitis around the mouth, a sore tongue, and cracks at the corners of the mouth. Which deficiency should the nurse consider?

Accepted Answer

Riboflavin deficiency

Answer

Vitamin D deficiency

Answer

Iodine deficiency

Answer

Vitamin K deficiency

Question 5

A child has rough skin, poor growth, and recurrent diarrhoea. The diet is very limited and contains little animal food. Which deficiency is most consistent with these findings?

Accepted Answer

Zinc deficiency

Answer

Vitamin K deficiency

Answer

Fluoride deficiency

Answer

Vitamin B12 excess

Question 6

Which observation gives the most reliable estimate of a young child's usual portion size during a dietary assessment?

Accepted Answer

The measured amount served and the amount left over

Answer

The caregiver's description of the child's favourite food

Answer

The child's weight recorded at the last clinic visit

Answer

The number of meals listed on the clinic card

Question 7

A breastfeeding mother says she is returning to work and wants to maintain breast milk feeding. Which instruction is appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Express breast milk and store it safely

Answer

Stop breastfeeding before returning to work

Answer

Add cereal to each breast milk feed

Answer

Dilute breast milk with boiled water

Question 8

A 13-month-old child eats family foods but receives very little meat, egg, or legumes. Which meal would best improve the protein quality of the diet?

Accepted Answer

Rice served with lentils

Answer

Tea served with biscuits

Answer

Boiled potato served with sugar

Answer

Fruit juice served with bread

Question 9

A child with severe undernutrition has a low blood glucose level but is conscious and able to swallow. Which action should the nurse take first?

Accepted Answer

Give an appropriate glucose-containing feed promptly

Answer

Withhold all oral intake for eight hours

Answer

Encourage vigorous physical activity

Answer

Give a high-protein meal immediately

Question 10

A caregiver asks why a child should receive a variety of coloured fruits and vegetables rather than only one type of vegetable. Which response is best?

Accepted Answer

Different foods provide different vitamins and protective nutrients

Answer

Coloured foods contain no carbohydrate or dietary fat

Answer

Variety guarantees that the child will never become ill

Answer

Vegetables alone provide all nutrients needed for growth

Question 11

Which nutrient is most important for preventing neural tube defects when a woman is planning pregnancy and during early pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Folate

Answer

Calcium

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin K

Question 12

A mother says her breastfed 4-month-old feeds frequently and she worries that her milk is insufficient. Which finding best suggests that the infant is receiving enough milk?

Accepted Answer

The infant has regular wet nappies and gains weight

Answer

The infant sleeps for eight hours after every feed

Answer

The infant accepts diluted cow's milk after breastfeeding

Answer

The infant feeds for exactly ten minutes at each breast

Question 13

A 3-year-old child has a mid-upper arm circumference of 11.8 cm and no bilateral pitting oedema. How should the nurse interpret this finding?

Accepted Answer

Moderate acute malnutrition

Answer

Severe acute malnutrition

Answer

Normal nutritional status

Answer

Chronic mild undernutrition

Question 14

Why can body weight underestimate the severity of wasting in a child with kwashiorkor?

Accepted Answer

Oedema adds fluid weight to the measurement

Answer

Fever increases the child's muscle mass

Answer

Dehydration increases the measured body weight

Answer

Short stature always causes a false weight reading

Question 15

A child with suspected vitamin A deficiency has dry conjunctivae and difficulty seeing in dim light. Which additional assessment is most important?

Accepted Answer

Look for Bitot spots on the conjunctiva

Answer

Check for a widened wrist joint

Answer

Assess for a swollen thyroid gland

Answer

Inspect for bleeding gums

Question 16

A child with acute diarrhoea is receiving oral rehydration solution. Which nutritional instruction should the nurse give the caregiver?

Accepted Answer

Continue age-appropriate feeding and breastfeeding

Answer

Withhold all solid food until stools become normal

Answer

Give only clear fluids for the next two days

Answer

Stop breastfeeding until the diarrhoea resolves

Question 17

A nurse is planning a meal for a child with iron deficiency. Which item most improves absorption of non-haem iron from beans?

Accepted Answer

A serving of orange or guava

Answer

A cup of tea with the meal

Answer

A large serving of polished rice

Answer

A glass of milk with the meal

Question 18

Which anthropometric measurement is most useful for identifying acute wasting in a child when an accurate height measurement cannot be obtained?

Accepted Answer

Mid-upper arm circumference

Answer

Head circumference

Answer

Chest circumference

Answer

Sitting height

Question 19

A caregiver prepares complementary food in the morning and leaves it uncovered at room temperature until evening. Which teaching is the priority?

Accepted Answer

Prepare small fresh portions and cover them safely

Answer

Add extra water so the food remains soft

Answer

Store the food uncovered to allow cooling

Answer

Reheat the same food repeatedly throughout the day

Question 20

A child has a swollen abdomen, thin limbs, poor growth, and a history of repeated infections. Which assessment finding would most strongly support protein deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Reduced serum albumin with bilateral oedema

Answer

High haemoglobin with flushed skin

Answer

Increased muscle strength with active play

Answer

Normal growth with increased appetite

All Free Paediatric Nursing MCQs with Answers