All Free Medical Surgical Nursing MCQs with Answers

• A. The size and local extent of the primary tumour
• B. The involvement of regional lymph nodes
• C. The presence of distant organ metastases
• D. The patient's response to treatment

Explanation: The T category describes the size and local invasion of the primary tumour.

• A. Invasion into nearby connective tissue
• B. Involvement of regional lymph nodes
• C. Presence of distant organ metastasis
• D. A high mitotic rate in the tumour

Explanation: Stage IV generally indicates that the cancer has spread to distant organs or tissues.

• A. Apply a warm pack to the lower back
• B. Encourage walking to maintain muscle strength
• C. Report the findings urgently to the oncology team
• D. Give the routine analgesic and reassess tomorrow

Explanation: The combination suggests possible malignant spinal cord compression, an oncological emergency that can cause permanent neurological…

• A. Position the patient flat for complete rest
• B. Place the patient upright and administer prescribed oxygen
• C. Encourage oral fluids to reduce blood thickness
• D. Massage the neck to improve venous drainage

Explanation: These findings suggest superior vena cava obstruction with impaired venous return and breathing difficulty.

• A. I will allow blood pressure checks on that arm
• B. I will protect the arm from cuts, burns and infection
• C. I will keep the arm completely still for several months
• D. I will use tight clothing to control any swelling

Explanation: Protecting the affected arm from injury and infection helps reduce the risk of lymphoedema complications.

• A. Crush the tablets before taking them with juice
• B. Handle the tablets with bare hands if they look intact
• C. Wash hands before and after handling the tablets
• D. Store the tablets loose in a kitchen container

Explanation: Hand hygiene before and after handling oral cytotoxic medicines reduces exposure to drug residue.

• A. Document the symptoms as an expected mild effect
• B. Report the symptoms promptly for respiratory assessment
• C. Encourage vigorous exercise to improve lung capacity
• D. Give an antidiarrhoeal medicine and reassess later

Explanation: Bleomycin can cause pulmonary toxicity, including pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis.

• A. Progressive cardiac dysfunction
• B. Permanent hearing loss
• C. Severe renal stone formation
• D. Marked thyroid enlargement

Explanation: Doxorubicin is an anthracycline that can cause cumulative cardiotoxicity, so cardiac history, symptoms and prescribed cardiac testing are…

• A. Encourage deep breathing and continue the infusion
• B. Report the findings promptly and withhold treatment until reviewed
• C. Offer a high-fibre meal to relieve chest discomfort
• D. Reassure the patient that this is expected hair loss

Explanation: These findings may indicate immune-related pneumonitis, which can become life threatening if treatment is continued without assessment.

• A. Record the appearance as normal during the first week
• B. Apply a tight pouch to force the stoma outward
• C. Report the finding immediately for assessment of impaired blood supply
• D. Give a laxative to increase the stoma output

Explanation: A healthy new stoma is usually moist and pink to red, reflecting adequate perfusion.

• A. A tissue biopsy examined by histopathology
• B. A plain radiograph of the suspected area
• C. A serum tumour-marker measurement
• D. A physical examination of the mass

Explanation: Histopathological examination of biopsy tissue identifies malignant cells and their characteristics, making it the definitive diagnostic…

• A. The size of the primary tumour
• B. The involvement of regional lymph nodes
• C. The presence of distant metastasis
• D. The microscopic grade of the tumour

Explanation: The M category records whether cancer has spread to distant organs or tissues.

• A. Reassure the patient that this is an expected harmless effect
• B. Report the finding promptly to the oncology team
• C. Restrict oral fluids until the urine becomes clear
• D. Give aspirin to reduce urinary tract inflammation

Explanation: Haematuria and dysuria may indicate cyclophosphamide-induced haemorrhagic cystitis and require prompt assessment.

• A. Place the patient flat and offer sips of water
• B. Assess the airway and call for immediate assistance
• C. Apply a warm dressing over the neck incision
• D. Encourage coughing to clear throat secretions

Explanation: Noisy breathing after thyroid surgery may indicate airway obstruction from swelling, bleeding or vocal cord problems.

• A. Hypocalcaemia caused by treatment
• B. Hypercalcaemia related to malignancy
• C. Acute neutropenic infection
• D. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion

Explanation: Thirst, polyuria, constipation and altered mental status are typical features of significant hypercalcaemia, which can occur with advanced…

• A. Hair loss always means the cancer is progressing
• B. Hair usually grows back after treatment ends
• C. The scalp should be scrubbed daily to prevent hair loss
• D. Hair loss occurs only when the treatment damages the scalp

Explanation: Many cytotoxic medicines cause temporary alopecia by affecting rapidly dividing hair-follicle cells, and regrowth commonly occurs after…

• A. Advise walking to improve venous circulation
• B. Massage the calf until the discomfort improves
• C. Assess urgently for possible deep-vein thrombosis
• D. Reassure the patient that this is a usual drug effect

Explanation: Tamoxifen increases the risk of venous thromboembolism, so unilateral calf pain and swelling require urgent assessment.

• A. Document the symptoms as expected treatment fatigue
• B. Report the findings promptly for liver-function assessment
• C. Encourage a high-fat diet to restore liver energy stores
• D. Give the next treatment early to control the cancer

Explanation: Jaundice and dark urine may indicate immune-related hepatitis, a potentially serious complication of checkpoint inhibitors.

• A. Palliative care is given only during the final hours of life
• B. Palliative care may occur alongside disease-directed treatment
• C. Hospice care aims to cure the underlying malignant disease
• D. Hospice care excludes pain relief and family support

Explanation: Palliative care focuses on symptom relief, quality of life and support, and it can begin at any stage while cancer treatment continues.

• A. It blocks serotonin receptors involved in vomiting
• B. It stimulates bowel movement to remove toxins
• C. It neutralises stomach acid after chemotherapy
• D. It destroys malignant cells by inhibiting mitosis

Explanation: Ondansetron is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist that helps prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.