Free Communicable Diseases MCQs with Answers

• A. Place a surgical mask on the patient
• B. Cover the patient with a sterile sheet
• C. Give the patient a disposable gown
• D. Ask the patient to wear shoe covers

Explanation: A surgical mask on the patient helps contain infectious respiratory droplets during movement.

• A. Use dedicated equipment and wear gloves
• B. Place the patient near the nurses' station
• C. Limit the patient's oral fluids
• D. Keep the patient in a brightly lit room

Explanation: Dedicated equipment and gloves reduce contact transmission from stool and contaminated surfaces.

• A. It removes all organisms and bacterial spores
• B. It destroys many harmful organisms on objects
• C. It provides immunity against a specific organism
• D. It removes organisms only from living skin

Explanation: Disinfection destroys many pathogenic microorganisms on non-living objects, but it may not destroy bacterial spores.

• A. At 2°C to 8°C in a functioning cold chain
• B. At room temperature in a covered cupboard
• C. In direct sunlight to prevent moisture damage
• D. In a freezer without checking the temperature

Explanation: Most routine vaccines are stored at 2°C to 8°C in a monitored cold chain.

• A. Confirm malaria with a rapid test or blood film
• B. Start antibiotics without any assessment
• C. Wait until the fever lasts for two weeks
• D. Give antimalarial treatment to every household member

Explanation: Laboratory confirmation with a rapid diagnostic test or blood film helps distinguish malaria from other causes of fever and supports…

• A. Wash the area with soap and running water
• B. Apply concentrated bleach directly to the wound
• C. Squeeze the wound forcefully until it bleeds
• D. Cover the injury and continue the medication round

Explanation: The first action is to wash the site promptly with soap and running water, then report the exposure for risk assessment and post-exposure…

• A. 5 percent
• B. 10 percent
• C. 20 percent
• D. 50 percent

Explanation: Attack rate equals the number of ill people divided by the number exposed, multiplied by 100.

• A. Clean the visible soil using appropriate protective equipment
• B. Sweep the area with bare hands to remove clots
• C. Pour disinfectant over the spill without removing soil
• D. Allow the spill to dry before beginning cleaning

Explanation: The nurse should wear appropriate personal protective equipment and remove visible soil before applying the approved disinfectant.

• A. Every person has received every available vaccine
• B. Enough people are immune to reduce transmission to others
• C. Only people with previous infection can become protected
• D. A vaccine protects a person from all communicable diseases

Explanation: Herd immunity occurs when a sufficiently large immune proportion reduces the spread of an infection, providing indirect protection to some…

• A. The intact skin surface
• B. The gastrointestinal tract
• C. The external ear canal
• D. The hair shaft

Explanation: The gastrointestinal tract is a portal of entry when contaminated food or water is swallowed.

• A. A room with a patient having pneumonia
• B. A room with a patient having hepatitis A
• C. A single room with appropriate airborne precautions
• D. A room with a patient having a healed wound

Explanation: Chickenpox spreads through airborne particles and direct contact, so the patient needs airborne and contact precautions, preferably in a…

• A. Receiving an oral polio vaccine
• B. Developing antibodies after measles infection
• C. Receiving hepatitis B immunoglobulin after exposure
• D. Producing antibodies after a tetanus vaccine

Explanation: Passive immunization gives a person ready-made antibodies, such as hepatitis B immunoglobulin after a significant exposure.

• A. Oral polio vaccine
• B. Inactivated polio vaccine
• C. Hepatitis B vaccine
• D. Tetanus toxoid vaccine

Explanation: Oral polio vaccine contains live attenuated poliovirus. Inactivated polio vaccine contains killed virus, while hepatitis B and tetanus…

• A. A surgical mask
• B. Sterile surgical gloves only
• C. A lead apron
• D. Shoe covers only

Explanation: A surgical mask helps protect the nose and mouth from respiratory droplets during close patient care.

• A. A documented protective antibody level
• B. Completion of the recommended vaccine series
• C. Severe immunosuppression from treatment
• D. Recent recovery with lasting immunity

Explanation: Severe immunosuppression reduces the body's ability to resist infection and makes the person a susceptible host.

• A. Health promotion
• B. Disease surveillance
• C. Terminal disinfection
• D. Contact tracing only

Explanation: Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health data to detect trends and guide action.

• A. To identify the likely source and exposure
• B. To determine the vaccination status of staff
• C. To measure hospital bed occupancy
• D. To select a disinfectant for equipment

Explanation: Exposure histories help investigators identify a common food or other source and determine possible risk factors.

• A. Wipe it with a dry cloth
• B. Clean and disinfect it according to policy
• C. Place it in direct sunlight briefly
• D. Cover it with a new paper sheet

Explanation: Reusable equipment must be cleaned and then disinfected according to the manufacturer's instructions and facility policy before reuse.

• A. Offer appropriate post-exposure vaccination when indicated
• B. Give antibiotics to every household member
• C. Restrict all visitors for one month
• D. Provide iron tablets to every contact

Explanation: Eligible susceptible contacts may benefit from measles-containing vaccine after exposure, according to current public health guidance and…

• A. Only patients with a confirmed infection
• B. Only patients with a blood-borne infection
• C. All patients, regardless of diagnosis
• D. Only patients requiring isolation

Explanation: Standard precautions apply to every patient because infection status may be unknown.