Free Communicable Diseases MCQs with Answers

• A. Portal of entry
• B. Reservoir
• C. Mode of transmission
• D. Susceptible host

Explanation: A reservoir is the natural habitat where an infectious agent survives and multiplies, such as a person, animal, soil or water.

• A. Place the patient in airborne isolation
• B. Provide a surgical mask for the nurse
• C. Start contact precautions only
• D. Keep the patient in the general ward

Explanation: Suspected pulmonary tuberculosis requires prompt airborne precautions in a well-ventilated isolation room.

• A. Female Aedes mosquito
• B. Female Anopheles mosquito
• C. Male Anopheles mosquito
• D. Female Culex mosquito

Explanation: Human malaria is transmitted mainly by the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito.

• A. Contaminated food and water
• B. Blood and other body fluids
• C. Droplets from ordinary conversation
• D. Mosquito bites in rural areas

Explanation: Hepatitis B spreads through infected blood and body fluids, including unsafe injections, sexual contact and perinatal transmission.

• A. Wait for recovery before reporting
• B. Report the case for acute flaccid paralysis surveillance
• C. Give antibiotics and close the record
• D. Advise exercise and review after one month

Explanation: Acute flaccid paralysis in a child requires urgent reporting and investigation as part of polio surveillance.

• A. Begin a community case investigation and notify health authorities
• B. Close the health facility until the outbreak ends
• C. Give antidiarrhoeal medicine to every household
• D. Wait for laboratory confirmation before taking action

Explanation: A cluster of similar diarrhoeal illness requires rapid case finding, investigation and notification while immediate control measures…

• A. Hand hygiene before and after patient contact
• B. Wearing shoe covers during every procedure
• C. Keeping used instruments on the bedside table
• D. Giving antibiotics to all exposed patients

Explanation: Hand hygiene removes or destroys microorganisms and is one of the most effective ways to interrupt transmission.

• A. It prevents transmission through contaminated food
• B. It filters small airborne particles from inhaled air
• C. It protects only against blood exposure
• D. It replaces the need for room ventilation

Explanation: A respirator helps protect the healthcare worker from inhaling small airborne particles that may contain Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

• A. I will give small frequent sips and continue feeding
• B. I will stop all fluids until the diarrhoea settles
• C. I will dilute the solution in extra water
• D. I will give only fruit juice until vomiting stops

Explanation: Small frequent sips help replace water and electrolytes, and continued feeding supports recovery.

• A. Receiving hepatitis B vaccine to develop antibodies
• B. Receiving ready-made antibodies after exposure
• C. Getting temporary protection from maternal antibodies
• D. Receiving immunoglobulin after a needlestick injury

Explanation: Active immunization stimulates the person's own immune system to produce a lasting response after vaccination.

• A. The infectious agent
• B. The source reservoir
• C. The portal of entry
• D. The susceptible host

Explanation: The infectious agent is the disease-producing microorganism, such as a bacterium, virus, parasite or fungus.

• A. Place the patient under droplet precautions
• B. Place the patient under contact precautions
• C. Place the patient in a positive-pressure room
• D. Allow visitors to enter without a mask

Explanation: Meningococcal meningitis spreads mainly through respiratory droplets, so droplet precautions are required with prompt medical treatment.

• A. Sterilization
• B. Low-level disinfection
• C. Routine handwashing
• D. Surface cleaning

Explanation: Sterilization destroys all forms of microbial life, including bacterial spores.

• A. Using insecticide-treated bed nets
• B. Avoiding dairy products at night
• C. Taking antibiotics every morning
• D. Sharing household sleeping rooms

Explanation: Insecticide-treated bed nets reduce contact with night-biting Anopheles mosquitoes and help prevent malaria.

• A. Disease surveillance
• B. Case isolation
• C. Sterilization
• D. Health promotion

Explanation: Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis and reporting of health information.

• A. To apply a standard case definition
• B. To identify the final treatment dose
• C. To sterilize the suspected food
• D. To determine the patient's blood group

Explanation: A standard case definition ensures that investigators classify suspected cases consistently during an outbreak.

• A. Separate the child from other patients
• B. Offer the child a high-protein meal
• C. Collect a urine specimen immediately
• D. Schedule the next routine vaccination

Explanation: Separating a patient with suspected measles protects other people from airborne or respiratory spread and is the immediate safety…

• A. Avoiding shared needles reduces transmission
• B. Receiving routine antibiotics prevents infection
• C. Using a mosquito net prevents infection
• D. Drinking boiled water prevents infection

Explanation: Hepatitis C is mainly transmitted through infected blood, so avoiding shared needles and unsafe injection equipment reduces risk.

• A. Report the unusual increase promptly
• B. Wait until every household is affected
• C. Stop recording cases after treatment begins
• D. Give antibiotics to all residents without assessment

Explanation: Prompt reporting of an unusual increase allows public health staff to verify the outbreak and begin investigation and control.

• A. Portal of entry
• B. Portal of exit
• C. Mode of transmission
• D. Susceptible host

Explanation: The portal of exit is the route by which an organism leaves its reservoir, such as the respiratory tract, blood, stool or wound drainage.