Chemical Coordination and Hormones MCQs

Question 1

Type II diabetes results from prolonged overstimulation of the pancreatic beta cells as a result of obesity and chronically elevated glucose levels. After the beta cells have been overactive for an extended period of time, they begin functioning poorly and the person is considered diabetic. In a type II diabetes, what are the expected levels of insulin and glucagon with respect to normal values?

Accepted Answer

Insulin levels will be low and glucagon levels will be elevated

Answer

Insulin levels will be elevated and glucagon levels will be low

Answer

Insulin levels will be low and glucagon levels will be low

Answer

Insulin levels will be elevated and glucagon levels will be elevated

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a direct effect of the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Water retention

Answer

Milk production

Answer

Ovulation

Answer

T4 production

Question 3

Scientists use a process called Fluorescent In-Situ Hybridization, or FISH, to study genetic disorders in humans. FISH is a technique that uses spectrographic analysis to determine the presence or absence, as well as the relative abundance, of genetic material in human cells. To use FISH, scientists apply fluorescently-labeled bits of DNA of a known colour, called probes, to samples of test DNA. These probes anneal to the sample DNA, and scientists can read the colours that result using laboratory equipment. One common use of FISH is to determine the presence of extra DNA in conditions of aneuploidy, a state in which a human cell has an abnormal number of chromosomes. Chromosomes are collections of DNA, the totality of which makes up a cell's genome. Another typical use is in the study of cancer cells, where scientists use FISH labels to ascertain if genes have moved inappropriately in a cell's genome. Using red fluorescent tags, scientists label probe DNA for a gene known to be expressed more heavily in cancer cells than normal cells. They then label a probe for an immediately adjacent DNA sequence with a green fluorescent tag. Both probes are then added to three dishes, shown below. In dish 1 human bladder cells are incubated with the probes, in dish 2 human epithelial cells are incubated, and in dish 3 known non-cancerous cells are used. The relative luminescence observed in regions of interest in all dishes is shown below.Aneuploidy can also affect some fertilized zygotes after abnormalities in fertilization or gametogenesis. Aneuploid zygotes are typically spontaneously aborted before a pregnancy comes to term. A normal zygote binds to uterine endometrium while it is at its thickest, supported by progesterone secretion from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Corpus luteum

Answer

Graafian follicle

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Posterior pituitary

Question 4

Glucose levels in the blood are maintained through the competing actions of two main hormones: insulin and glucagon. Other hormones, such as somatostatin, and catecholamines, such as acetylcholine, also serve to modulate glucose levels in the blood. Which molecule is produced by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas.

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Somatostatin

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 5

Which of the following hormones is least directly regulated by the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Cortisone

Answer

Progesterone

Question 6

Which of these is NOT true of steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

They cannot cross the cell membrane

Answer

Their receptors are usually located inside the cell

Answer

Their effects are long-lived

Answer

They interfere at the level of transcription

Question 7

There are a large variety of over-the-counter pregnancy tests, although all of them share a set of common principles. These home pregnancy tests are immunoassays which detect the presence of the peptide hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). hCG is produced by the fertilised ovum and released into the mother's bloodstream, preventing the degradation of the corpus luteum and thereby preventing menstruation. By the time of the mother's first missed period, hCG levels in the urine are high enough to detect. The home pregnancy test generally involves dipping a stick containing immobilised hCG monoclonal antibodies into a urine sample. If hCG is present in the urine, it will bind to the monoclonal antibodies on the dipstick. The dipstick is then placed in a solution containing a second monoclonal antibody which recognizes the bound hCG antibody complex on the surface of the dipstick. This second antibody is conjugated to colloidal gold particles which change colour when they are immobilised, indicating a positive test result (i.e., pregnancy). As described in the passage, the home pregnancy test _.

Accepted Answer

Lacks positive and negative controls

Answer

Is inaccurate because hCG can be produced normally in the non-pregnant mother

Answer

Accuracy improves when administered during early morning hours

Answer

Is inaccurate because hCG is sometimes not produced by the fertilized zygote

Question 8

There are a large variety of over-the-counter pregnancy tests, although all of them share a set of common principles. These home pregnancy tests are immunoassays which detect the presence of the peptide hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). hCG is produced by the fertilised ovum and released into the mother's bloodstream, preventing the degradation of the corpus luteum and thereby preventing menstruation. By the time of the mother's first missed period, hCG levels in the urine are high enough to detect.The home pregnancy test generally involves dipping a stick containing immobilised hCG monoclonal antibodies into a urine sample. If hCG is present in the urine, it will bind to the monoclonal antibodies on the dipstick. The dipstick is then placed in a solution containing a second monoclonal antibody which recognizes the bound hCG antibody complex on the surface of the dipstick. This second antibody is conjugated to colloidal gold particles which change colour when they are immobilised, indicating a positive test result (i.e., pregnancy).The mechanism by which hCG acts on its target cells is most similar to that of _.

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Estradiol

Question 9

John goes to the doctor and is told that his anterior pituitary is not functioning. Which of the following hormones is likely at lower levels than normal?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Melatonin

Answer

Glucagon

Question 10

After ingesting a meal heavy in polysaccharides, an individual has their blood drawn. Levels of which hormone would you expect to be higher than normal?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Glucagon

Question 11

Which steroid hormone, produced in the ovaries, is responsible for the growth of female sex organs and is responsible for causing a surge in luteinizing hormone through positive feedback?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Androstenedione

Question 12

Mineralocorticoids, including aldosterone, are able to maintain blood pressure during times of stress. Which of the following is not an effect of aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

Decreased blood sodium levels

Answer

Decreased urine sodium content

Answer

Decreased blood potassium levels

Answer

Increased blood pressure

Question 13

Persons with diabetes mellitus have abnormally elevated blood glucose levels. In an attempt to rid the body of excess glucose, the kidneys filter the glucose into the urine for excretion. The amount of glucose in the urine overwhelms the kidneys, which are unable to reabsorb the glucose during concentration of the urine in the nephrons. What would be the blood volume status of a patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Low blood volume

Answer

No conclusion can be drawn

Answer

High blood volume

Answer

Normal blood volume

Question 14

All of the following are matched correctly EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Malpighian tubules-earthworms

Answer

Nerve net-hydra

Answer

Nematocysts-hydra

Answer

Contractile vacuoles-amoeba

Answer

Flame cells-planaria

Question 15

Regulates blood sugar levels

Accepted Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Thyroid

Answer

Anterior pituitary

Answer

Posterior pituitary

Question 16

Bridge between nervous and endocrine systems

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Thyroid

Answer

Anterior pituitary

Answer

Posterior pituitary

Question 17

A tumor in beta cells would result in all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

Low calcium in blood

Answer

More insulin production

Answer

Low blood glucose

Answer

Destruction of alpha cells

Question 18

Destruction of all beta cells in the pancreas would cause:

Accepted Answer

Insulin secretion to stop and an increase in blood glucose

Answer

Glucagon secretion to stop and a decrease in blood glucose

Answer

Glucagon secretion to stop and an increase in blood glucose

Answer

Insulin secretion to stop and a decrease in blood glucose

Question 19

α-cells of the pancreas secrete a hormone known as:

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Rennin

Question 20

Which of the following is not secreted by thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Triiodothyronine

Answer

Calcitonin

Free Chemical Coordination and Hormones MCQs with Answers