Chemical Coordination and Hormones MCQs

Question 1

Which of the following is not true concerning glucocorticoids?

Accepted Answer

They help to control electrolyte balance

Answer

They help promote normal metabolism

Answer

They help provide resistance to stress

Answer

They provide the body with energy through gluconeogenesis

Question 2

A patient who is unable to modulate his own ventilation and heart rate may be suffering damage to which part of his brain?

Accepted Answer

Medulla oblongata

Answer

Midbrain

Answer

Temporal lobes

Answer

Corpus callosum

Question 3

The brain is a very delicate structure with little room to move around. Surrounding the brain and the spinal cord are three protective layers in addition to the skull and the vertebral column. Directly surrounding the brain and spinal cord is the pia mater. Following the pia mater is the arachnoid mater. Between the pia mater and the arachnoid mater is the subarachnoid space where the cerebrospinal fluid circulates. Finally, the protective layer is the dura mater is loosely attached to the arachnoid mater but is strongly associated with the skull bone.Depending on the type of injury, a certain type of vein and/or artery are more susceptible to injury. For example, the meningeal artery and vein run through the foramen spinosum and travel between the two layers making up the dura mater. As the artery and the vein are traveling in between the dura mater, there is a vulnerable region at the temple. A strike to the temple region could rupture these vessels and result in a epidural hematoma. Traveling from the cerebral cortex to the venous dural sinus (located at certain regions between the two layers of the dura mater) is the cerebral vein. When an injury results in the dura mater shifting away from the arachnoid mater, the cerebral vein could rupture and lead to a subdural hematoma. When a physician performs a lumbar puncture, he/she is extracting cerebrospinal fluid. Through which of the follow structure(s) must the needle pass?I. Dura materII. Arachnoid materIII. Pia mater

Accepted Answer

I and II

Answer

I

Answer

III and I

Answer

III

Question 4

The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord. In general, tracts allow for the brain to communicate up and down with the spinal cord. The commissures allow for the two hemispheres of the brain to communicate with each other. One of the most important commissures is the corpus callosum. The association fibers allow for the anterior regions of the brain to communicate with the posterior regions. One of the evolved routes from the spinal cord to the brain is via the dorsal column pathway. This route allows for fine touch, vibration, proprioception and 2 points discrimination. This pathway is much faster than the pain route. From the lower limbs, the signal ascends to the brain via a region called the gracile fasciculus. From the upper limbs, the signal ascends via the cuneate fasciculus region in the spinal cord.Patient A has a tumor in his spinal cord. He is able to feel fine touch below the waist. Above the waist, he is unable to feel fine touch on either side. Where is the tumor most likely located?I. All levels of the spinal cordII. In the gracile fasciculus regionIII. In the cuneate fasciculus region

Accepted Answer

III only

Answer

I only

Answer

I and II

Answer

None of the above

Question 5

The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord. In general, tracts allow for the brain to communicate up and down with the spinal cord. The commissures allow for the two hemispheres of the brain to communicate with each other. One of the most important commissures is the corpus callosum. The association fibers allow for the anterior regions of the brain to communicate with the posterior regions. One of the evolved routes from the spinal cord to the brain is via the dorsal column pathway. This route allows for fine touch, vibration, proprioception and 2 points discrimination. This pathway is much faster than the pain route. From the lower limbs, the signal ascends to the brain via a region called the gracile fasciculus. From the upper limbs, the signal ascends via the cuneate fasciculus region in the spinal cord.Which of the following sentences correctly explains what happens when a person steps on a pin? I. Transmit to the brain rapidly II. Will utilise the gracile fasciculus region in the spinal cordIII. Will utilise the cuneate fasciculus region in the spinal cord

Accepted Answer

None of these

Answer

I only

Answer

II only

Answer

III only

Question 6

The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord. In general, tracts allow for the brain to communicate up and down with the spinal cord. The commissures allow for the two hemispheres of the brain to communicate with each other. One of the most important commissures is the corpus callosum. The association fibers allow for the anterior regions of the brain to communicate with the posterior regions. One of the evolved routes from the spinal cord to the brain is via the dorsal column pathway. This route allows for fine touch, vibration, proprioception and 2 points discrimination. This pathway is much faster than the pain route. From the lower limbs, the signal ascends to the brain via a region called the gracile fasciculus. From the upper limbs, the signal ascends via the cuneate fasciculus region in the spinal cord.Patient A has a tumor in his spinal cord. He is able to feel a fine touch above the waist. Below the waist he is unable to feel fine touch on either side. Where is the tumor most likely located? I. All levels of the spinal cordII. In the gracile fasciculus regionIII. In the cuneate fasciculus region

Accepted Answer

II only

Answer

I only

Answer

I and II

Answer

None of these

Question 7

Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling body temperature, and adjusting to external temperature conditions?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 8

A lesion to which brain region would result in a lack of coordinated movement?

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum

Answer

The left temporal lobe

Answer

The hypothalamus

Answer

The medulla oblongata

Question 9

Which of the following accurately describes white matter?

Accepted Answer

White matter consists of myelinated axons in the central nervous system

Answer

White matter is denser than gray matter

Answer

White matter is located in the central part of the spinal cord and is surrounded by gray matter

Answer

White matter is only found in the peripheral nervous system

Question 10

Which is the correct order of sequences during the knee-jerk reflex?

Accepted Answer

Patella tendon stretches - sensory neuron - spinal cord - motor neuron - quadriceps contract

Answer

Patella tendon stretches - spinal cord - sensory neuron - motor neuron - quadriceps contract

Answer

Patella tendon stretches - sensory neuron - spinal cord -brain - motor neuron - quadriceps contract (reflex bypasses the brain)

Answer

Quadriceps stretch - sensory neuron - spinal cord - motor neuron - patella tendon contracts

Question 11

Color blindness could be a result of the dysfunction of which type of cell?

Accepted Answer

Cones

Answer

Vitreous humor cells

Answer

Rods

Answer

Ciliary body cells

Question 12

Which of the following somatic sensory neurons is responsible for the perception of pain?

Accepted Answer

Nociceptors

Answer

Mechanoreceptors

Answer

Proprioceptors

Answer

Photoreceptors

Question 13

Somatosensory neurons are most sensitive to which type(s) of stimulus?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical force, temperature change, and tissue damage

Answer

Nociception

Answer

Temperature change and nociception

Answer

Tissue damage

Question 14

The touch receptor organs of the somatosensory system include _.

Accepted Answer

The skin only

Answer

Somatosensory neurons

Answer

The skin, joint tissues, and muscles

Answer

Joint tissues and muscles

Question 15

Proprioceptive stimuli differ from tactile stimuli in that _.

Accepted Answer

Proprioceptive stimuli are internal and generated by body position and movement, while tactile stimuli are external

Answer

Tactile neurons are able to differentiate a range of sensations, while proprioceptive neurons are specific to a particular quantity of force

Answer

Tactile stimuli are transmitted through the spinal trigeminal pathway, while proprioceptive stimuli are transmitted through the main sensory trigeminal pathway

Answer

Tactile stimuli result in a general sensation, while proprioceptive signals the intensity of the sensation

Question 16

The basal cells of the gustatory system _.

Accepted Answer

Will eventually differentiate into taste receptor cells

Answer

Serve as structural support for neuro-epithelial cells

Answer

Contain synaptic structures that transport sensory information

Answer

Are dependent on ion channels to produce action potentials

Question 17

A person who has over-functioning pancreatic alpha cells may display what clinical feature?

Accepted Answer

Elevated glucose levels

Answer

Decreased glucose levels

Answer

Increased digestion

Answer

Constipation

Question 18

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating glucocorticoid release from the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 19

The hypothalamus uses two specialised types of neuron to stimulate the pituitary. Magnocellular neurons carry hormones directly to the posterior pituitary. Parvocellular neurons secrete hormones into the hypophyseal portal system, where they are delivered to the anterior pituitary.The magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamus are responsible for secreting which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 20

Which of the following statements concerning hormonal transport is true?

Accepted Answer

Pancreatic hormones are able to move freely through the bloodstream

Answer

The thyroid hormones are able to move freely in the bloodstream

Answer

All hormones require chylomicrons in order to move through the bloodstream

Answer

Steroid hormones are able to move freely through the bloodstream

Free Chemical Coordination and Hormones MCQs with Answers