The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord. In general, tracts allow for the brain to communicate up and down with the spinal cord. The commissures allow for the two hemispheres of the brain to communicate with each other. One of the most important commissures is the corpus callosum. The association fibers allow for the anterior regions of the brain to communicate with the posterior regions. One of the evolved routes from the spinal cord to the brain is via the dorsal column pathway. This route allows for fine touch, vibration, proprioception and 2 points discrimination. This pathway is much faster than the pain route. From the lower limbs, the signal ascends to the brain via a region called the gracile fasciculus. From the upper limbs, the signal ascends via the cuneate fasciculus region in the spinal cord.Patient A has a tumor in his spinal cord. He is able to feel a fine touch above the waist. Below the waist he is unable to feel fine touch on either side. Where is the tumor most likely located? I. All levels of the spinal cordII. In the gracile fasciculus regionIII. In the cuneate fasciculus region
Correct answer: A. II only
- A. II only
- B. I only
- C. I and II
- D. None of these
Explanation
Patient A is unable to feel a fine touch below the waist. A tumour in the gracile fasciculus region will prevent the signal from below the waist to reach the brain.
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About Chemical Coordination and Hormones
Chemical coordination uses hormones released by endocrine glands and carried in blood to specific target cells. Coverage includes the pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal glands, ovaries and testes, feedback control, and the contrast between slower, longer-lasting hormonal responses and rapid nervous coordination.
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