Persons with diabetes mellitus have abnormally elevated blood glucose levels. In an attempt to rid the body of excess glucose, the kidneys filter the glucose into the urine for excretion. The amount of glucose in the urine overwhelms the kidneys, which are unable to reabsorb the glucose during concentration of the urine in the nephrons. What would be the blood volume status of a patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?
Correct answer: C. Low blood volume
- A. No conclusion can be drawn
- B. High blood volume
- C. Low blood volume
- D. Normal blood volume
Explanation
Water moves to regions where solute concentrations are high. Because the kidney is unable to reabsorb the filtrate glucose, the urine has a high osmolarity and will draw water into the collecting duct to balance solute concentrations. The water that was part of the filtered blood volume is usually reabsorbed, but instead will be excreted. This excess loss of water will lead to decreased blood volume.
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Chemical coordination uses hormones released by endocrine glands and carried in blood to specific target cells. Coverage includes the pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal glands, ovaries and testes, feedback control, and the contrast between slower, longer-lasting hormonal responses and rapid nervous coordination.
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