Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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Read the Cell Structure and Function notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms2,478 questions · page 90 of 124
- A. Deoxyribose sugar
- B. Ribose sugar
- C. Phosphate group
- D. Sequence of nitrogenous bases
- E. Sequence of phosphate group
Explanation: The genetic information of DNA is encoded as the sequence of nitrogenous bases.
Correct answer: Sequence of nitrogenous bases- A. Position
- B. Frequency
- C. Copy
- D. Inversion
Explanation: Factual recall; The locus describes the position of the gene on a chromosome, so option A is correct.Option B, frequency, is generally…
Correct answer: Position- A. Kinetochore
- B. Locus
- C. Allele
- D. Gene
Explanation: The gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. It consists of a specific sequence of nucleotides at a given position on a…
Correct answer: Gene- A. TACGGATCCTG
- B. UAGCGAUCCUG
- C. AUGCCUAGGAC
- D. UACCGAUCCUG
- E. GCAUUCGAAGU
Explanation: DNA strand serves as the template for RNA synthesis. The RNA nucleotide sequence is complementary to that of DNA template strand except…
Correct answer: UACCGAUCCUG- A. Transcriptase
- B. Polymerase
- C. Reverse transcriptase
- D. Synthetase
Explanation: Option A, transcriptase, is an RNA dependent RNA polymerase, which forms RNA strands by using RNA strands as a template.
Correct answer: Reverse transcriptase- A. Peptide bond
- B. Phosphodiester bond
- C. Glycosidic bond
- D. Ester bond
Explanation: When nucleotides are incorporated into DNA, adjacent nucleotides are linked by a phosphodiester bond: a covalent bond is formed between…
Correct answer: Phosphodiester bond- A. DNA polymerase
- B. Ligase
- C. Primase
- D. Endonuclease
Explanation: DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the three prime (3')-end of a DNA strand, one nucleotide at a time. So option A is incorrect.
Correct answer: Ligase1788. Mutations can occur in:
- A. DNA
- B. Protein
- C. RNA
- D. A and C
Explanation: Mutation can occur in DNA and RNA i.e alteration in bases of DNA and RNA. Mutations can not occur in proteins.
Correct answer: A and C- A. 6th
- B. 5th
- C. 4th
- D. 3rd
- E. 1st
Explanation: The nitrogenous bases are purines or pyrimidines. The nitrogen base is attached to the C-1 of the pentose sugar.
Correct answer: 1st- A. Euchromatin
- B. Heterochromatin
- C. Nucleosome
- D. Super coils
- E. None of these
Explanation: Highly condensed portions of chromatin are called heterochromatin. Euchromatin is the uncondensed portion of DNA.
Correct answer: Heterochromatin- A. 44 + XX
- B. 44 + XY
- C. 44 + XXY
- D. 44 + XO
- E. 44 + XXX
Explanation: The genotype of a normal male contains 44 autosomes and two sex chromosomes, which are XY.
Correct answer: 44 + XY- A. Only one daughter cell will have heavy DNA
- B. Two daughter cells have normal DNA and other two have heavy DNA
- C. All daughter cells have heavy DNA
- D. Half daughter cells have heavy DNA and other half have normal DNA
Explanation: After two divisions, four bacterial cells are formed in which two daughter bacterial cells have normal DNA and other two have both normal…
Correct answer: Two daughter cells have normal DNA and other two have heavy DNA- A. Down's Syndrome
- B. Turner's Syndrome
- C. Klinefelter's Syndrome
- D. Sickle cell anemia
- E. Color blindness
Explanation: Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic condition in which a boy is born with an extra X chromosome.
Correct answer: Klinefelter's Syndrome- A. 10
- B. 20
- C. 30
- D. 40
- E. 44
Explanation: Haploid cells are formed by reduction division, which has half the number of chromosomes than diploid cells.
Correct answer: 44- A. 2
- B. 3
- C. 4
- D. 6
- E. 9
Explanation: Zygote(3) formed by the fusion of sperm(1) and ovum(2) is the first cell to have a diploid number of chromosomes.
Correct answer: 3- A. 21 and 42
- B. 7 and 21
- C. 21 and 7
- D. 42 and 21
Explanation: Wheat, Triticum, has basic chromosome number, n = 7; thus the hexaploid species (Triticum aestivum) have 6n = 42.
Correct answer: 21 and 7- A. Complementary strand of DNA which codes for one amino acid
- B. Complementary strand of mRNA which codes for one amino acid
- C. tRNA molecule where the amino acid is attached
- D. tRNA molecule which recognizes the appropriate sequence of bases on the mRNA
- E. mRNA molecule which instructs the ribosomes to initiate
Explanation: Anticodons are present on the tRNA molecules which complement codons on the mRNA molecules, which is mentioned in statement D.
Correct answer: tRNA molecule which recognizes the appropriate sequence of bases on the mRNA- A. Nitrogenous bases
- B. Ribose Sugars
- C. Deoxyribose Sugars
- D. Phosphate groups
- E. Adenine
Explanation: Deoxyribose sugars are not part of RNA, rather ribose sugars are part of RNA. Deoxyribose sugars are found in DNA molecules.
Correct answer: Deoxyribose Sugars- A. Metacentric
- B. Submetacentric
- C. Acrocentric
- D. Telocentric
Explanation: Chromosomes with the centromere located near the middle and with two equal arms on either side are called metacentric chromosomes.
Correct answer: Metacentric- A. 12
- B. 24
- C. 46
- D. 48
Explanation: Mitosis is a process of cell duplication, in which one cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells.
Correct answer: 24