Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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- A. Ribosome
- B. Mitochondrion
- C. Golgi apparatus
- D. Lysosome
Explanation: The mitochondrion generates most of the cell’s ATP through aerobic respiration, earning it the name powerhouse of the cell.
Correct answer: Mitochondrion- A. Mitochondrion
- B. Cellulose cell wall
- C. Ribosome
- D. Golgi apparatus
Explanation: A cellulose cell wall lies outside the plasma membrane of every plant cell and gives it a fixed shape and resistance to bursting when…
Correct answer: Cellulose cell wall- A. no ribosomes
- B. no membrane bound nucleus or organelles
- C. no genetic material
- D. no plasma membrane
Explanation: Prokaryotes keep their DNA in a nucleoid region with no surrounding envelope and have no mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi…
Correct answer: no membrane bound nucleus or organelles- A. 70S
- B. 80S
- C. 90S
- D. 60S
Explanation: Prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S, made of a 50S and a 30S subunit, while eukaryotic cytoplasmic ribosomes are 80S.
Correct answer: 70S- A. Lysosome
- B. Mitochondrion
- C. Golgi apparatus
- D. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Explanation: The Krebs cycle runs in the mitochondrial matrix and the electron transport chain sits in the inner membrane, where the proton gradient…
Correct answer: Mitochondrion- A. Nucleolus
- B. Golgi apparatus
- C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- D. Centriole
Explanation: Hydrolytic enzymes are made on the rough endoplasmic reticulum but the Golgi apparatus packages and buds them off as lysosomes, after…
Correct answer: Golgi apparatus7. Rough endoplasmic reticulum is distinguished from smooth endoplasmic reticulum by the presence of
- A. cristae
- B. ribosomes on its surface
- C. thylakoids
- D. a double nuclear envelope
Explanation: Ribosomes bound to the outer face of the membrane give rough ER its appearance and its function, which is synthesising proteins destined…
Correct answer: ribosomes on its surface- A. ribosome
- B. lysosome
- C. peroxisome
- D. vacuole
Explanation: Lysosomes hold hydrolytic enzymes at an acidic pH, and if the membrane ruptures those enzymes digest the cell itself, a process called…
Correct answer: lysosome- A. Ribosome
- B. Lysosome
- C. Mitochondrion
- D. Golgi apparatus
Explanation: A ribosome is a complex of ribosomal RNA and protein with no surrounding membrane at all, which is why it is found in prokaryotes as well…
Correct answer: Ribosome- A. a rigid protein sheet with lipids attached
- B. a phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded in and moving through it
- C. a single layer of phospholipids
- D. a continuous layer of cholesterol
Explanation: Singer and Nicolson described a bilayer of phospholipids in which proteins float like icebergs, free to move laterally.
Correct answer: a phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded in and moving through it- A. 23
- B. 44
- C. 46
- D. 92
Explanation: Human body cells are diploid with 46 chromosomes, which is 23 homologous pairs made up of 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex…
Correct answer: 46- A. telomere
- B. centromere
- C. centriole
- D. chromomere
Explanation: The centromere holds sister chromatids together and carries the kinetochore, the protein structure the spindle microtubules attach to…
Correct answer: centromere- A. histones
- B. collagens
- C. tubulins
- D. keratins
Explanation: Histones are small positively charged proteins that bind the negatively charged phosphate backbone of DNA, forming nucleosomes that…
Correct answer: histones- A. stroma
- B. thylakoid membranes of the grana
- C. outer membrane
- D. intermembrane space
Explanation: Chlorophyll and the electron carriers are embedded in the thylakoid membranes, which are stacked into grana to give the largest possible…
Correct answer: thylakoid membranes of the grana- A. Robert Hooke
- B. Schleiden and Schwann
- C. Rudolf Virchow
- D. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Explanation: Schleiden and Schwann established that plants and animals are made of cells, but it was Virchow who added in 1855 that every cell comes…
Correct answer: Rudolf Virchow- A. tonoplast
- B. plasmalemma
- C. nuclear envelope
- D. cell wall
Explanation: The tonoplast controls what enters and leaves the cell sap, and the vacuole's contents create the osmotic pressure that keeps the cell…
Correct answer: tonoplast17. Proteins made on the rough endoplasmic reticulum are modified, sorted and packaged for export by the
- A. lysosome
- B. nucleolus
- C. peroxisome
- D. Golgi apparatus
Explanation: Vesicles carry newly made protein from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, where sugars are added, the product is sorted and it is…
Correct answer: Golgi apparatus- A. DNA replication
- B. synthesis of ribosomal RNA and assembly of ribosomal subunits
- C. protein synthesis for export
- D. storage of the cell's lipid reserve
Explanation: The nucleolus is a dense region of the nucleus with no membrane around it, and it transcribes ribosomal RNA and combines it with proteins…
Correct answer: synthesis of ribosomal RNA and assembly of ribosomal subunits- A. is made of protein only
- B. has no pores of any kind
- C. consists of two membranes perforated by pores
- D. is freely permeable to all molecules
Explanation: Two membranes enclose the nucleus, and the pores that pierce them at intervals let mRNA and ribosomal subunits out and let nucleotides…
Correct answer: consists of two membranes perforated by pores- A. Centrioles
- B. Mitochondria
- C. Golgi apparatus
- D. Ribosomes
Explanation: Higher plant cells organise their spindle without centrioles, which is why the presence of a pair of centrioles beside the nucleus is…
Correct answer: CentriolesCell Structure and Function MCQs: common questions
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