Free Cytoplasmic Organelles MCQs with Answers
158 Cytoplasmic Organelles MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Cytoplasmic organelles are the specialized structures suspended in cytoplasm, including mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles and centrosomes. Questions compare their structures and functions in animal and plant cells, including chloroplasts and the role of the endomembrane system in transport and secretion.
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- A. Ribosome
- B. Mitochondrion
- C. Golgi apparatus
- D. Lysosome
Explanation: The mitochondrion generates most of the cell’s ATP through aerobic respiration, earning it the name powerhouse of the cell.
Correct answer: Mitochondrion- A. Lysosome
- B. Mitochondrion
- C. Golgi apparatus
- D. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Explanation: The Krebs cycle runs in the mitochondrial matrix and the electron transport chain sits in the inner membrane, where the proton gradient…
Correct answer: Mitochondrion- A. Nucleolus
- B. Golgi apparatus
- C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- D. Centriole
Explanation: Hydrolytic enzymes are made on the rough endoplasmic reticulum but the Golgi apparatus packages and buds them off as lysosomes, after…
Correct answer: Golgi apparatus4. Rough endoplasmic reticulum is distinguished from smooth endoplasmic reticulum by the presence of
- A. cristae
- B. ribosomes on its surface
- C. thylakoids
- D. a double nuclear envelope
Explanation: Ribosomes bound to the outer face of the membrane give rough ER its appearance and its function, which is synthesising proteins destined…
Correct answer: ribosomes on its surface- A. ribosome
- B. lysosome
- C. peroxisome
- D. vacuole
Explanation: Lysosomes hold hydrolytic enzymes at an acidic pH, and if the membrane ruptures those enzymes digest the cell itself, a process called…
Correct answer: lysosome- A. Ribosome
- B. Lysosome
- C. Mitochondrion
- D. Golgi apparatus
Explanation: A ribosome is a complex of ribosomal RNA and protein with no surrounding membrane at all, which is why it is found in prokaryotes as well…
Correct answer: Ribosome- A. stroma
- B. thylakoid membranes of the grana
- C. outer membrane
- D. intermembrane space
Explanation: Chlorophyll and the electron carriers are embedded in the thylakoid membranes, which are stacked into grana to give the largest possible…
Correct answer: thylakoid membranes of the grana8. Proteins made on the rough endoplasmic reticulum are modified, sorted and packaged for export by the
- A. lysosome
- B. nucleolus
- C. peroxisome
- D. Golgi apparatus
Explanation: Vesicles carry newly made protein from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, where sugars are added, the product is sorted and it is…
Correct answer: Golgi apparatus- A. DNA replication
- B. synthesis of ribosomal RNA and assembly of ribosomal subunits
- C. protein synthesis for export
- D. storage of the cell's lipid reserve
Explanation: The nucleolus is a dense region of the nucleus with no membrane around it, and it transcribes ribosomal RNA and combines it with proteins…
Correct answer: synthesis of ribosomal RNA and assembly of ribosomal subunits- A. is made of protein only
- B. has no pores of any kind
- C. consists of two membranes perforated by pores
- D. is freely permeable to all molecules
Explanation: Two membranes enclose the nucleus, and the pores that pierce them at intervals let mRNA and ribosomal subunits out and let nucleotides…
Correct answer: consists of two membranes perforated by pores- A. digests worn out organelles
- B. synthesises hydrogen peroxide for defence
- C. adds sugar groups to newly made proteins
- D. breaks down toxic hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen
Explanation: Hydrogen peroxide is a damaging by product of several oxidation reactions, and catalase destroys it almost as fast as it forms, making it…
Correct answer: breaks down toxic hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen- A. Smooth ER
- B. Golgi apparatus
- C. Rough ER
- D. Lysosomes
Explanation: Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface and synthesizes proteins that are either secreted or inserted into membranes.
Correct answer: Rough ER- A. Tight junctions
- B. Desmosomes
- C. Gap junctions
- D. Adherens junctions
Explanation: Gap junctions (or plasmodesmata in plants) form channels that allow direct exchange of ions and small molecules between cells.
Correct answer: Gap junctions- A. Intra cellular digestion
- B. Removal of the waste
- C. Autophagy
- D. Lipid synthesis
Explanation: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes and therefore break molecules down, digesting food vacuoles, clearing waste and destroying worn out…
Correct answer: Lipid synthesis- A. rDNA
- B. Lysosomes
- C. Ribosomes
- D. Chromosomes
Explanation: The nucleolus transcribes ribosomal RNA and assembles it with proteins into the ribosomal subunits, which are then exported through the…
Correct answer: Ribosomes- A. Chondriosomes
- B. Condriome
- C. Energysome
- D. Mitosome
Explanation: Mitochondria were historically called chondriosomes because they appear as thread-like or granular bodies in the cytoplasm.
Correct answer: Chondriosomes- A. Molecule
- B. Subatomic particles
- C. Atoms
- D. Organelles
Explanation: Organelles are specialized structures within a cell, and their arrangement allows different cellular tasks to be performed by different…
Correct answer: Organelles- A. Cell wall
- B. Cytoplasm
- C. Centriole
- D. Nucleus
Explanation: Fungi resemble plants in having a rigid cell wall, but both fungi and typical higher plants lack centrioles, which is the feature targeted…
Correct answer: Centriole- A. nucleus
- B. ribosome
- C. golgi complex
- D. centriole
Explanation: Ribosomes are the sites of translation, where the amino-acid sequence encoded by messenger RNA is assembled into a protein.
Correct answer: ribosome- A. Unicellular structures
- B. Multi-cellular structures
- C. Sub-cellular structures
- D. Non-cellular structures
Explanation: Organelles are specialized sub-cellular structures within a cell, such as mitochondria, ribosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum.
Correct answer: Sub-cellular structuresCytoplasmic Organelles MCQs: common questions
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