Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
Last updated
Read the Cell Structure and Function notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms2,478 questions · page 89 of 124
1761. PO4-sugar-base:
- A. 2 nm
- B. Nucleotide
- C. DNA replication
- D. Prokaryotes
Explanation: PO4-sugar-base refers to the three components of a nucleotide, which are a phosphate group (PO4), a sugar molecule, and a nitrogenous…
Correct answer: Nucleotide1762. M. Meselson:
- A. DNA replication
- B. Nucleotide
- C. Prokaryotes
- D. 2 nm
Explanation: Matthew Meselson, an American molecular biologist, contributed significantly to our understanding of DNA replication.
Correct answer: DNA replication- A. Prokaryotes
- B. Nucleotide
- C. DNA replication
- D. 2 nm
Explanation: The lagging strand which elongates away from the replication fork, is synthesized discontinuously as a series of short segments that are…
Correct answer: Prokaryotes1764. Homogentistic acid:
- A. Transcription
- B. Nucleosomes
- C. Alkaptonuria
- D. Metacentric
Explanation: Homogentistic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of tyrosine and phenylalanine.
Correct answer: Alkaptonuria- A. Submetacentric
- B. Transcription
- C. Nucleosomes
- D. Metacentric
Explanation: Every 200 nucleotides, the DNA duplex is coiled around a core of eight histone proteins forming a complex known as a nucleosome.
Correct answer: Nucleosomes1766. Equal arms:
- A. Alkaptonuria
- B. Nucleosomes
- C. Transcription
- D. Metacentric
Explanation: Metacentric refers to a chromosome in which the centromere is located approximately in the middle, resulting in two arms of roughly equal…
Correct answer: Metacentric1767. Polymerase + Promotor:
- A. Metacentric
- B. Nucleosomes
- C. Submetacentric
- D. Transcription
Explanation: The interaction between RNA polymerase and the promoter region is pivotal in transcription, the process by which genetic information…
Correct answer: Transcription1768. Genetic code:
- A. tRNA
- B. Human cell
- C. mRNA
- D. Promotor sequence
Explanation: The genetic code is directly related to messenger RNA (mRNA) because mRNA serves as the intermediary molecule that carries the genetic…
Correct answer: mRNA1769. Coding strand:
- A. tRNA
- B. mRNA
- C. Human cell
- D. Sense strand
Explanation: The coding strand, also known as the sense strand, is the strand of DNA that has the same sequence as the mRNA transcript (except for T's…
Correct answer: Sense strand- A. Sigma factor
- B. GC + AT base pairs
- C. U ribonucleotide
- D. Core enzyme
Explanation: It is a protein in prokaryotic organisms (such as bacteria) that assists RNA polymerase in recognizing the promoter region of a gene…
Correct answer: Sigma factor1771. Stop signal:
- A. GC + AT base pairs
- B. 3' end
- C. U ribonucleotide
- D. Core enzyme
Explanation: Uridine (U) ribonucleotide, when found in messenger RNA (mRNA), can be related to a stop signal through the presence of a specific…
Correct answer: U ribonucleotide1772. Poly A tail:
- A. Core enzyme
- B. U ribonucleotide
- C. 3' end
- D. Sigma factor
Explanation: The poly-A tail is a stretch of adenine nucleotides added to the 3' end of pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) during mRNA processing.
Correct answer: 3' end1773. Transcription bubble:
- A. U ribonucleotide
- B. Core enzyme
- C. Sigma factor
- D. GC + AT base pairs
Explanation: The transcription bubble forms during transcription, where the DNA double helix temporarily unwinds, creating a single-stranded template…
Correct answer: GC + AT base pairs1774. Phenylketonuria:
- A. ACC
- B. Peptidyl site
- C. Phenylalanine
- D. Chromosomal aberration
Explanation: PKU is a genetic disorder that causes an inability to metabolize phenylalanine, an amino acid found in protein-containing foods.
Correct answer: Phenylalanine1775. Inversion:
- A. Chromosomal aberration
- B. 1000 nucleotides/sec
- C. Phenylalanine
- D. Peptidyl site
Explanation: Chromosomal aberrations are abnormalities in the structure or number of chromosomes in a cell.
Correct answer: Chromosomal aberration1776. Polymerase III:
- A. Peptidyl site
- B. Phenylalanine
- C. 1000 nucleotides/sec
- D. ACC
Explanation: DNA polymerase III is an enzyme involved in DNA replication in prokaryotes, such as bacteria.
Correct answer: 1000 nucleotides/sec1777. Phenylketonuria is
- A. Sex linked dominant trait
- B. Sex linked recessive trait
- C. Autosomal dominant trait
- D. Autosomal recessive trait
Explanation: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare inherited disorder that causes an amino acid called phenylalanine to build up in the body.
Correct answer: Autosomal recessive trait- A. DNA is broken up at specific sites
- B. DNA fragments are joined together
- C. DNA replication occurs
- D. DNA transcription occurs
Explanation: DNA ligases play an essential role in maintaining genomic integrity by joining breaks in the phosphodiester backbone of DNA that occur…
Correct answer: DNA fragments are joined together- A. mRNA
- B. rRNA
- C. tRNA
- D. Polysome
- E. Genes
Explanation: Option A is messenger RNA, the transcript of a segment of DNA that serves as the code which is then translated by the ribosomes.
Correct answer: rRNA- A. Trait
- B. Centromere
- C. Genotype
- D. Locus
Explanation: A locus is a specific, fixed position on a chromosome where a particular gene or genetic marker is located.
Correct answer: Locus