Free Social Change and Development MCQs with Answers

• A. Global cities are characterized by centralized manufacturing and production activities.
• B. Global cities are major urban centers of commerce on which corporations rely.
• C. Global cities result from decentralized managerial and financial operations.
• D. Global cities result from changes in world population

Explanation: Global cities are key nodes in the world economy, providing concentrated financial, commercial and corporate services on which…

• A. economic development will lead to a reduction in fertility
• B. governments consider modern contraceptive measures to be a threat to the preservation and continuation of their way of life.
• C. if contraceptives are made available and if information about the value and need for birth planning is disseminated people will reduce their fertility
• D. people can be coerced into using family planning techniques

Explanation: The family planning approach assumes that fertility falls when people can obtain modern contraceptives and receive information about the…

• A. an economic crisis in the capitalist system would force factory owners into the ranks of the unemployed
• B. self-control would restrain population growth.
• C. the problems associated with population growth are a function of the scarcity of wealth
• D. an excess of the working-class population depends on the availability of employment opportunities not on fixed supply of food.

Explanation: Marx rejected Malthus's idea that population pressure is determined by a fixed food supply; he linked surplus population to the capitalist…

• A. A population pyramid portrays the sex and age composition of a population
• B. A population pyramid must be based on absolute numbers.
• C. A population pyramid is of interest solely to academics.
• D. A population pyramid requires complex statistical calculation to understand the interrelationship between age and sex in a given population.

Explanation: A population pyramid is a graphical representation of a population's age and sex composition, usually displaying males and females on…

• A. emigration rate
• B. growth rate
• C. net migration rate
• D. immigration rate

Explanation: The net migration rate measures the balance of immigration and emigration in relation to the population, usually per 1,000 people per…

• A. is the annual number of live births per 1000-woman age 15-44?
• B. Is the potential number of children that could be born if every woman of childbearing age bore all the children she possibly could?
• C. enables researchers to see important difference among races. ethnic groups, classes, age groups, and other categories with in the population
• D. is the number of live births per 1000 members of a population in a given year

Explanation: The crude birth rate counts live births in a year per 1,000 members of the total population.

• A. urban ecologists
• B. new urban sociologist
• C. functionalists
• D. human ecologists

Explanation: New urban sociologists use a conflict-oriented analysis of housing, arguing that developers, banks, and real-estate interests treat…

• A. preindustrial city
• B. industrial city
• C. postindustrial city
• D. edge cities

Explanation: Postindustrial cities tend to have greater cultural diversity, individual choice, and exposure to alternative beliefs, so established…

• A. all of the above
• B. the high levels of surplus produced by the agricultural sector
• C. the ease of migration to the city
• D. reliance on animal power as a source of energy

Explanation: Preindustrial cities were limited by dependence on animal and human power, which restricted transport, food supply, and the physical size…

• A. Pre-transition stage
• B. transition stage
• C. post transition stage
• D. initiation stage

Explanation: The pre-transition stage has both high birth rates and high death rates, so population growth remains limited.

• A. use artificial means of birth control
• B. pass legislation prohibiting families from having more than one child
• C. postpone marriage
• D. do all of the above

Explanation: Malthus rejected artificial birth control and argued that population growth should be checked through preventive measures such as delaying…

• A. they are produced by techniques of cross-breeding
• B. they are capable of drastically improving agricultural yields
• C. they have become front-page stories in the news everyday
• D. they involve transplanting genes between different organisms

Explanation: GM crops are distinctive because genetic material can be transferred between different organisms, such as inserting a bacterial gene into…

• A. fossil fuel corporations
• B. the media
• C. academic climate change researchers
• D. countries such as the Maldives at risk of rising sea levels

Explanation: Fossil fuel corporations generally have an economic interest in minimizing or delaying strong climate action because it threatens their…

• A. high-occupancy city bus
• B. single-occupancy light truck
• C. long-haul aero plane
• D. high-speed coal-fired train

Explanation: A single-occupancy light truck usually produces the highest carbon emissions per passenger-kilometre because one person bears the…

• A. global warming is simply another term for the greenhouse effect
• B. global warming is a problem caused mainly by unregulated industrialization in the developing countries
• C. global warming is an entirely natural phenomenon
• D. global warming is the rise in average temperature at Earth's surface

Explanation: Global warming means the long-term rise in Earth's average surface temperature.

• A. critical realism
• B. ecofeminism
• C. structural Marxism
• D. social constructionism

Explanation: Social constructionism examines how society defines and frames environmental problems rather than deciding independently how severe they…

• A. None of these
• B. Emile Durkheim
• C. Max Weber
• D. Karl Marx

Explanation: Marx, Durkheim and Weber discussed society's relationship with nature, but environmental issues were not a central, distinct focus of any…

• A. segregation
• B. invasion
• C. redlining
• D. none of these

Explanation: Invasion describes a new social group moving into an area and altering its population and land use; gentrification commonly involves…

• A. the multiple nuclei model
• B. the sector models
• C. the concentric circle models
• D. the social area analysis model

Explanation: Burgess's concentric-zone model places the central business district at the centre, followed by a zone in transition, working-class…

• A. Italy's practice of punishing couples who have two or more children.
• B. Brazil's refusal to grant a divorce to couples with children
• C. France's elimination of tax deductions for families with more than two children.
• D. china's practice of fining a woman who is pregnant with a second child 20 per cent of her pay if she refuses to have an abortion.

Explanation: China's coercive population-control policy included financial penalties for unauthorised pregnancies and pressure to terminate them.