Free Social Change and Development MCQs with Answers

• A. Stage of scientific progress
• B. Stage of disbelief
• C. Guided by supernatural wisdom
• D. None of theseEngineering & Technology

Explanation: Comte's first, or theological, stage explains events through supernatural beings and divine forces, represented here by guidance from…

• A. Variable
• B. None of these
• C. Problem
• D. Constant

Explanation: The statement expresses the idea that change is the permanent feature of reality, commonly associated with Heraclitus: change is the only…

• A. Changes of both kind
• B. That there is no distinction between both
• C. Overlapping of two concepts
• D. None of these

Explanation: Socio-cultural change combines social and cultural change, so it refers to changes of both kinds.

• A. poor diet
• B. poor education
• C. poor sanitation
• D. poor housing

Explanation: Poor diet, sanitation and housing are established environmental or lifestyle risks for chronic disease and long-term impairment in…

• A. industrialization/vertical mobility
• B. horizontal mobility /vertical mobility
• C. urbanization/vertical mobility
• D. industrialization /horizontal mobility
• E. industrialization/urbanization

Explanation: Industrialization and urbanization changed where people worked and lived, weakening the extended household and encouraging smaller family…

• A. people vote according to pragmatic issues and concerns
• B. consumer identities are more important than class identities
• C. personal cultural and environmental issues can mobilize political consciousness just as much as economic interests
• D. all of the above

Explanation: New social movements broaden political mobilisation beyond traditional economic class interests to include culture, identity, consumption…

• A. the decline in voter turnout
• B. the expanding number of small political parties
• C. electoral fraud
• D. security problems with-e-voting

Explanation: In established democracies, declining voter turnout has raised concern about political disengagement and the legitimacy of representative…

• A. the United Nations
• B. the European Union
• C. United States of America
• D. the International Criminal Court

Explanation: The United States is a sovereign state, not an institution or organization of global governance.

• A. capitalist nations fully agree on the merits of capitalism practiced by all developed nations
• B. Russia Eastern Europe Latin America and Asia have fully accepted and are practicing the style of capitalism practiced in the United States
• C. in dynamic Asian nations (e.g. Japan Singapore Hong Kong South Korea and Taiwan) government intervention in economic life has resulted in a "government-business symbiosis " different from that in Europe and the United States
• D. the performance of the Asian economy and financial institutions in late 1997 and early 1998 strongly supports the "government-business /state capitalism/communal capitalism economic arrangement

Explanation: Several East Asian economies developed a government-business symbiosis in which the state actively guided and supported private economic…

• A. retrenchment in welfare spending
• B. the strengthening of civil society
• C. the maintenance of a mixed economy
• D. environmentally sustainable economic growth

Explanation: Third Way politics generally supports a mixed economy, civil society and environmentally sustainable growth, while reforming welfare…

• A. resource mobilization theory
• B. labor movement
• C. environmental movement
• D. anti-nuclear movement

Explanation: The labour movement is a classic or ‘old’ social movement rooted mainly in class and workplace organisation.

• A. Adolf Hitler
• B. Harry S Truman
• C. Charles De Gaulle
• D. Winston Churchill

Explanation: Winston Churchill called for a ‘United States of Europe’ in his 1946 Zurich speech, helping to inspire European integration.

• A. Sweden
• B. Mozambique
• C. Canada
• D. USA

Explanation: Sweden has a lower infant mortality rate than the United States, Canada, and Mozambique, reflecting strong maternal and child healthcare…

• A. USA
• B. Japan
• C. Gambia
• D. unknown

Explanation: Japan has the highest life expectancy at birth among the listed countries, whereas the United States is lower and Gambia is substantially…

• A. risks which result from human interaction with the natural world
• B. risks associated with the activities of manufacturing industries
• C. risks that have been exaggerated by the output of the media
• D. risks that only affect advanced industrial economies

Explanation: Manufactured risks are hazards created by human social and technological activity, especially modern efforts to control or transform…

• A. falls in agricultural yields
• B. the spread of disease
• C. the use of unclear energy
• D. a rise in sea levels

Explanation: Global warming is associated with lower agricultural yields, disease spread and rising sea levels.

• A. social constructionism reminds us that all environmental issues have an important social aspect and context
• B. social constructionism remains agnostic about the scientific reality of environmental issues
• C. social constructionism tells us more about social interactions than the relationship between society and the environment
• D. social constructionism applies standard which demand new theorizing and approaches

Explanation: Critical realists may criticise constructionism for neglecting scientific reality or focusing too heavily on social interactions, but…

• A. more resource to be directed towards economic growth
• B. more resources to be put into Third World development
• C. growth that minimizes resource depletion and pollution
• D. fewer resources to be directed towards economic growth

Explanation: Sustainable development does not reject growth; it seeks economic and social progress while reducing resource depletion and pollution.

• A. development that protects the environment for future generations even at the expense of the present generation
• B. development which meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
• C. a type of development which put the interests of developing countries ahead of the interests of the rich nations
• D. development that is capable of maintaining sustainable economic growth for all countries of the worldPeople & Society

Explanation: The Brundtland Commission defined sustainable development through intergenerational equity: meeting present needs without reducing future…

• A. they involve transplanting genes from one organism to another
• B. the genes used cannot spread into the wider environment
• C. we can say with certainty that they are risk-free
• D. they have been accepted by consumers in all countries

Explanation: Genetic modification directly alters an organism by transferring or inserting selected genetic material, sometimes from a different…