Free Social Change and Development MCQs with Answers

• A. the first stage
• B. the second stage
• C. the third stage
• D. the first and third stage

Explanation: In the first, preindustrial stage of demographic transition, high fertility is offset by high mortality, so population growth remains low.

• A. human populations tend to increase more slowly than their ability to increase the food supply.
• B. people could use "moral restraint" to reduce the birth rate.
• C. agricultural production increases in a geometric fashion.
• D. famine war and pestilence are social problems that a population can overcome.

Explanation: Malthus argued that population tends to grow geometrically while food supply grows arithmetically, creating checks such as famine and…

• A. crude death rate
• B. targeted mortality rate
• C. infant mortality rate
• D. age-specific death rate

Explanation: The age-specific death rate measures deaths per 1,000 people within a specified age group.

• A. Demography
• B. Ecology
• C. Popology
• D. Stratification

Explanation: Demography systematically studies population size, composition, distribution and changes over time.

• A. High birth rate and low death rate in its first phase
• B. High birth rate and high death rate in its first phase
• C. High death rate and low birth rate in its first phase
• D. None of theseDeath & Tragedy

Explanation: The first phase of demographic transition combines high birth rates with high death rates, so population growth remains limited.

• A. Malthusianism
• B. forecasting
• C. demography
• D. official statisticsDemographics

Explanation: Demography measures and explains population size, structure and distribution, including changes in these features.

• A. a decline in the birth rate greater life expectancy and an ageing populationDeath & Tragedy
• B. a change in the principal causes of death and disease since industrialization
• C. increased birth and death rates resulting in a relatively young population
• D. a reduction in population size caused by a higher rate of emigration than immigration

Explanation: Demographic transition involves falling death rates followed by falling birth rates, increased life expectancy and an ageing population.

• A. Bangladesh
• B. China
• C. Iran
• D. Tunisia

Explanation: China has experienced a negative natural population growth rate in recent years because deaths have exceeded births.

• A. post industrialization
• B. downsizing
• C. deindustrialization
• D. "banana time"

Explanation: Deindustrialization means the systematic decline or withdrawal of investment from manufacturing capacity such as factories and plants.

• A. Its population exceeds set limit
• B. Both of these
• C. None of these
• D. Its resources fail to cope with its requirement

Explanation: Overpopulation is determined by the relationship between population and available resources, especially when resources cannot meet…

• A. unemployment
• B. All of the above
• C. Poverty
• D. Inflation

Explanation: When population grows faster than jobs, incomes, and essential goods, it can increase unemployment, poverty, and price pressures such as…

• A. Available acreage
• B. Improved technology
• C. Motivation to achieve
• D. None of these

Explanation: Improved technology raises productivity, allowing food, goods, and services to grow alongside a rising population even when land is…

• A. 100 years
• B. 75 years
• C. 35 years
• D. None of these

Explanation: The older demographic projection used in this item estimated a world-population doubling time of about 35 years, based on rapid population…

• A. 46
• B. 54
• C. 71
• D. 80

Explanation: The cited United Nations projection placed average global life expectancy at approximately 71 years by 2025.

• A. acute infectious diseases such as typhus measles and cholera
• B. chronic degenerative diseases such as cancer heart disease and strokes
• C. respiratory diseases such as pneumonia and asthma
• D. too diverse to put into one category

Explanation: Stage 3 of the health transition is associated with chronic degenerative diseases, including cancer, heart disease, and strokes, as…

• A. errors in the measurement of birth rates and production of statistics
• B. there being fewer women of childbearing age than there were in the first half of the century
• C. increases in the age of marriage and the age at which childbearing begins
• D. the risk diseases caused by poverty poor housing and bad sanitation

Explanation: The general fertility rate declined as people married later and began childbearing at older ages, shortening the period available for…

• A. high birth-rates and death rates
• B. high birth-rates and low death rates
• C. low birth-rates and high death rates
• D. low birth-rates and low death rates

Explanation: In the final stage, both fertility and mortality are low because advanced healthcare and living standards reduce deaths while…

• A. 75
• B. 14
• C. 19
• D. 28

Explanation: The cited labour statistic is that approximately 75 percent of employees affected by downsizing find new jobs.

• A. women
• B. racial minorities
• C. all of the above
• D. ethnic minorities

Explanation: Workforce projections identify growth in the participation of women, racial minorities and ethnic minorities, so all three groups are…

• A. coping illiteracy
• B. Eradicating poverty
• C. None of these
• D. Controlling Population

Explanation: Women’s education is strongly associated with later marriage, fewer and better-spaced births, and greater use of family planning, making…