All Psychology MCQs

Question 1

What type of learning do not rely on forming associations among stimuli and events?

Accepted Answer

Perceptual learning, spatial learning and discrimination learning

Answer

Imprinting, aversive conditioning and instrumental learning

Answer

Classroom learning, street wise learning and common sense

Answer

Reinforcement, punishment and habituation

Answer

(a), (b) and (c)

Question 2

How might behaviours of individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) explained by principles of instrumental learning?

Accepted Answer

OCD behaviours are reinforced and maintained because they reduce anxiety

Answer

OCD behaviours are naturally learned from biological relatives

Answer

OCD behaviours are learned from pairing anxiety-provoking stimuli with common behaviours

Answer

OCD behaviours are learned by perceptual processing of anxiety-provoking stimuli

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OCD behaviours are contingent upon schedule of reinforcement

Question 3

Phobias can be very debilitating and distressing phenomena. Which, if any, of the following statements are correct in relation to Watson and Rayner's (1920) research into them? 1:Watson and Rayner speculated that the complexity of emotional responsiveness in adults might be explained by the conditioning of children's simple emotional reactions when they are exposed to new stimuli 2:Watson and Rayner found evidence for emotional from a test trial in which the rat was accompanied by the noise 3:The fear reaction in Albert could be produced by a loud noise 4:None of the above

Accepted Answer

1 & 3

Answer

1 & 2

Answer

2 & 3

Answer

4

Question 4

Which of the following statements applies to Gracia and Koelling(1966), animals given LiCl as the US showed an aversion to the light and the click?

Accepted Answer

Researchers have tended to assume that they results obtained from laboratory studies reveal general principles about the nature of association formation which apply to other species and other stimuli

Answer

In the experiment by Gracia and Koelling (1966), animals given LiCl as the US showed an aversion to the light and click

Answer

The experiment of Gracia and Koelling (1966) opposed the nation of preparedness

Answer

The result of Gracia and Koelling's (1966) experiment supported researchers' attempts to establish general laws of learning

Question 5

Which TWO of the following are true of the learning set procedure? 1:The animals learns to focus on classes of cues that are inaccurate predictors of reward 2:In the win-stay, lose-shift strategy, the animal learns to persist with a choice that yields food, but shift to the other object if it does not 3:In the learning-set procedure, all stimuli and associations have equal effect on the animal's behaviour 4:The occurrence of reward can be regarded as a stimulus that can enter into associations or acquire discriminative control over an instrumental action

Accepted Answer

2 & 4

Answer

1 & 2

Answer

2 & 3

Answer

1 & 3

Question 6

If you intended to stop at the corner shop on the way home from school, but instead took your usual path from school to your home and missed the corner shop, then your behaviour has been controlled by which type of learning?

Accepted Answer

Stimulus-response association

Answer

Response-outcome association

Answer

Selective response learning

Answer

Instrumental learning

Answer

Stimulus-habit association

Question 7

Which of the following does NOT apply to spatial learning in the rate?

Accepted Answer

Spatial learning operates according to principles identical to those that underlie classical and instrumental conditioning procedures

Answer

Rates master spatial tasks much more easily than typical configural learning tasks

Answer

Exposure top an environment can allow the animal to forma a cognitive map of the environment

Answer

The animal is then able to negative because it knows its own position with respect to its internal representation environment

Question 8

Which TWO of the following statements are true of blocking? 1: The phenomenon of blocking provides an interesting and much-studied instance of failure to learn, in spite of contiguous presentations of the CS and the US 2: In a blocking experiment, animals receive training with what is termed a compound CS (Phase 2) 3: The experimental group has first received a phase of training in which the US alone is conditioned (Phase 1) 4: The experimental groups shows no (or very little evidence of learning about the CS that is presented in Phase 1

Accepted Answer

1 & 2

Answer

2 & 3

Answer

3 & 4

Answer

1 & 3

Question 9

Which of the following statements applies to instrumental learning?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Answer

Instrumental learning is the process by which an animal learns about the relationship between the behaviour and the consequences of that behaviour

Answer

Instrumentally trained responses are not entirely elicited by identifiable stimuli

Answer

Instrumental learning allows the animal to control the occurrence of environmental events

Question 10

learning the process of change in:

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Answer

Behavior

Answer

Attitudes

Answer

Skills and increase in skills

Question 11

which of the following method of learning is used in learning by doing:

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Answer

Learning thought trial & error

Answer

Learning thought imitation

Answer

Learning thought insight

Question 12

In learning by insight, an individual:

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Answer

Has an understanding of the environment

Answer

Knows the benefits of the solution of problem

Answer

Consciously makes efforts to solve a problem

Question 13

An individual learns through:

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Answer

Trial & error

Answer

Imitation

Answer

Insight

Question 14

In sight is a process is which an individual:

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Answer

Uses his previous knowledge

Answer

Deliberately attempts to solve the problems

Answer

Identifies the irrelevant aspects of a problems

Question 15

In classical conditioning, events critical to the learning occur________the response:

Accepted Answer

before

Answer

after

Answer

simultaneously with

Answer

in a manner unrelated to

Question 16

The link between physical and subsequent aggressive behavior is probably best explained by:

Accepted Answer

observational learning

Answer

non-contingent reinforcement

Answer

resistance to extinction

Answer

classical conditioning

Question 17

Nolan used to love tequila. However, a few weeks ago he drank way too much tequila and became very, very sick. His tendency to drink tequila has since declined dramatically. In operant terms, this sequence of events represents:

Accepted Answer

punishment

Answer

generalization

Answer

negative reinforcement

Answer

higher-order conditioning

Question 18

Positive reinforcement_______the rate of responding negative reinforcement________the rate of responding.

Accepted Answer

increases; increases

Answer

increases; decreases

Answer

decreases; increases

Answer

decreases; decreases

Question 19

A primary reinforcer has______reinforcing properties; a secondary reinforcer has______reinforcing properties.

Accepted Answer

biological; acquired

Answer

conditioned; unconditioned

Answer

weak; potent

Answer

immediate; delayed

Question 20

The phenomenon of higher-order conditioning shows that:

Accepted Answer

an already established CS can be used in the place of a natural UCS

Answer

only a genuine, natural UCS can be used to establish a CR

Answer

auditory stimuli are easier to condition than visual stimuli

Answer

visual stimuli are easier to condition than auditory stimuli

All Free Psychology MCQs with Answers