Which of the following statements applies to instrumental learning?
Correct answer: D. All of the above
- A. Instrumental learning is the process by which an animal learns about the relationship between the behaviour and the consequences of that behaviour
- B. Instrumentally trained responses are not entirely elicited by identifiable stimuli
- C. Instrumental learning allows the animal to control the occurrence of environmental events
- D. All of the above
Explanation
Instrumental learning links an emitted behaviour with its consequences, allowing the learner to influence what happens in the environment. Because the response is shaped by its consequences rather than being simply triggered by one identifiable stimulus, all three statements apply.
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