The phenomenon of higher-order conditioning shows that:
Correct answer: D. an already established CS can be used in the place of a natural UCS
- A. only a genuine, natural UCS can be used to establish a CR
- B. auditory stimuli are easier to condition than visual stimuli
- C. visual stimuli are easier to condition than auditory stimuli
- D. an already established CS can be used in the place of a natural UCS
Explanation
In higher-order conditioning, an established conditioned stimulus can support conditioning of another stimulus, functioning similarly to a natural UCS in the new pairing. This shows that conditioning need not always begin with a biologically significant UCS.
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