All Free Pathology MCQs with Answers

• A. Lack of functional differentiation
• B. All of the above
• C. Is a characteristic feature of malignancy
• D. Lack of structural differentiation

Explanation: Anaplasia means loss of structural and functional differentiation, producing primitive, atypical cells.

• A. Solar keratosis
• B. Chronic ulcers
• C. All of the above
• D. Leukoplakia

Explanation: Solar keratosis, chronic non-healing ulcers, and leukoplakia can all undergo malignant transformation into squamous cell carcinoma.

• A. Face below alatragus line
• B. All of the above
• C. Anywhere on hairless skin
• D. Face above alatragus line

Explanation: A rodent ulcer is a basal cell carcinoma, which occurs most often on sun-exposed facial skin above the alatragus line.

• A. Biclonal in origin
• B. Monoclonal in origin
• C. Multiclonal in origin
• D. None of the above

Explanation: Most tumours arise from a single transformed cell and are therefore monoclonal in origin, although further mutations may create different…

• A. Chemicals
• B. All of the above
• C. Viruses
• D. Radiation

Explanation: Chemical agents, ionising or ultraviolet radiation, and oncogenic viruses can all induce tumours by causing mutations or altering…

• A. Lymphosarcoma
• B. Hematoma
• C. Angioma
• D. Papilloma

Explanation: An angioma is a benign neoplasm or malformation composed of blood vessels; the more specific term for a vascular tumour is often…

• A. None of the above
• B. Osteoma
• C. Chondrosarcoma
• D. Osteosarcoma

Explanation: Osteosarcoma produces malignant osteoid, often extending in a sunburst pattern and lifting the periosteum to form Codman’s triangle.

• A. Progressive growth after removal of causative stimuli
• B. Size of the lesion
• C. Abnormal mitosis
• D. Tendency to grow rapidly

Explanation: Neoplastic growth continues autonomously even after the initiating stimulus is removed, unlike most reactive inflammatory overgrowths.

• A. Liver
• B. Spleen
• C. Lung
• D. Lymph nodes

Explanation: Osteosarcoma spreads predominantly through the bloodstream, with the lungs being the most common site of metastasis.

• A. Retinoblastoma
• B. Osteosarcoma
• C. Carcinoma breast
• D. Endometrial Carcinoma

Explanation: PTEN is a tumour-suppressor gene regulating the PI3K-AKT pathway, and its somatic loss is particularly associated with endometrial…

• A. Parvovirus B-19
• B. Hepatitis B virus
• C. Epstein Barr virus
• D. papilloma virus

Explanation: HPV, hepatitis B virus and Epstein-Barr virus are established oncogenic viruses associated with human cancers.

• A. AML
• B. CML
• C. CLL
• D. All of the above

Explanation: The t(9;22) translocation creates the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene and is consistently characteristic of chronic myeloid leukaemia.

• A. Metaplastic
• B. Dysplastic
• C. Anaplastic
• D. Hyperplastic

Explanation: Anaplasia means lack of differentiation, so the cells resemble primitive undifferentiated cells and commonly show increased mitoses.

• A. Gene splicing
• B. Redox text
• C. Bacteriophage
• D. Ames test

Explanation: The Ames test uses mutant strains of Salmonella to detect chemicals that cause gene mutations, many of which may act as carcinogens.

• A. 1 : 1
• B. 1 : 5
• C. 1 : 6
• D. 6 : 4

Explanation: Malignant cells have enlarged nuclei with relatively scant cytoplasm, causing the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio to approach 1:1.

• A. In basal layers of epithelium
• B. From basal layer to surface
• C. In surface layers only
• D. None of the above

Explanation: Dysplasia causes loss of normal maturation, so mitotic figures are found above the basal layer and may extend toward the epithelial…

• A. Papilloma
• B. Sarcomas
• C. Carcinoma
• D. All of the above

Explanation: A carcinoma is a malignant tumour arising from epithelial tissue. Sarcomas arise from mesenchymal tissue, whereas papilloma is a benign…

• A. Neoplastic cells are cohesive
• B. All of the above
• C. Hyper chromatic and pleomorphism of tumour cells
• D. Neoplastic cells are are non cohesive

Explanation: Pap smears work through exfoliative cytology: abnormal epithelial tumour cells lose normal cohesion and are shed for examination.

• A. All of the above
• B. Burkitts lymphoma
• C. Infectious mononucleosis
• D. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Explanation: Epstein-Barr virus causes infectious mononucleosis and is linked to Burkitt lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma through its effects on B…

• A. Rhabdomyoma
• B. Rhabdomyosarcoma
• C. Leiomyoma
• D. Leiomyosarcoma

Explanation: Rhabdomyosarcoma is the malignant tumour showing skeletal-muscle differentiation.