All Free Fundamentals of Nursing MCQs with Answers

• A. Check the patient's blood glucose level
• B. Assess respiratory rate and level of consciousness
• C. Encourage the patient to drink more fluids
• D. Place the patient in a supine position

Explanation: Drowsiness with slow, shallow breathing may indicate hypoventilation and carbon dioxide retention.

• A. No longer than 10 to 15 seconds
• B. Approximately 30 to 45 seconds
• C. Until all secretions are removed
• D. For at least 60 seconds each time

Explanation: An adult suction attempt should usually be limited to about 10 to 15 seconds to reduce hypoxaemia, mucosal injury and cardiac…

• A. Allow the patient to rest and reoxygenate
• B. Place the catheter back into the airway immediately
• C. Keep suction applied while the patient coughs
• D. Ask the patient to hold the breath for one minute

Explanation: Rest periods allow the patient to recover oxygenation and reduce fatigue before another attempt.

• A. Keep the air-entrainment ports uncovered
• B. Cover the side ports with sterile gauze
• C. Attach a reservoir bag to the mask
• D. Change the prescribed adapter to increase flow

Explanation: The Venturi mask entrains room air through its side ports to deliver the selected oxygen concentration.

• A. Use a jaw-thrust manoeuvre
• B. Tilt the head and lift the chin
• C. Flex the neck toward the chest
• D. Turn the patient prone immediately

Explanation: The jaw-thrust manoeuvre opens the airway while minimising movement of the cervical spine.

• A. Remove it and use a water-based product if needed
• B. Leave it in place because it prevents oxygen dryness
• C. Cover it with a dry gauze dressing
• D. Apply additional petroleum jelly to protect the skin

Explanation: Petroleum-based products can support combustion in an oxygen-rich environment.

• A. I will keep oxygen away from flames and smoking
• B. I can use an electric heating pad beside the oxygen
• C. I may adjust the oxygen flow whenever I feel breathless
• D. I should store oxygen cylinders lying loose on the floor

Explanation: Oxygen supports combustion, so flames, smoking and other ignition sources must be avoided.

• A. Administer prescribed analgesia before breathing exercises
• B. Restrict oral fluids until the breathing improves
• C. Keep the patient flat to reduce abdominal movement
• D. Discourage coughing to protect the incision

Explanation: Adequate pain relief helps the patient breathe deeply, cough and mobilise secretions.

• A. Call for emergency assistance and assess airway patency
• B. Offer oral fluids to loosen the obstruction
• C. Place a speaking valve over the tracheostomy
• D. Remove the oxygen source from the bedside

Explanation: Absent airflow with respiratory distress suggests a potentially blocked or displaced tracheostomy and is an airway emergency.

• A. Take a deep breath, then cough strongly twice
• B. Take rapid shallow breaths and avoid coughing
• C. Cough continuously until the chest feels empty
• D. Swallow secretions after each shallow breath

Explanation: A deep breath followed by one or two controlled coughs increases airflow behind secretions and helps move them toward the upper airway.

• A. Oropharyngeal airway
• B. Nasopharyngeal airway
• C. Tracheostomy tube
• D. Non-rebreather mask

Explanation: An oropharyngeal airway helps prevent the tongue from obstructing the pharynx in an unconscious patient without a gag reflex.

• A. Left side-lying position
• B. Right side-lying position
• C. Supine position
• D. Trendelenburg position

Explanation: The healthy lung is placed down because gravity directs more blood flow to that lung, improving ventilation and perfusion matching.

• A. Increase the oxygen flow immediately
• B. Warm the hand and repeat the reading
• C. Document severe hypoxaemia
• D. Apply a non-rebreather mask

Explanation: Cold peripheral tissue can reduce pulse oximeter accuracy and produce a falsely low reading.

• A. Nasal cannula
• B. Simple face mask
• C. Non-rebreather mask
• D. Tracheostomy collar

Explanation: A nasal cannula leaves the mouth uncovered, so the patient can communicate and take oral fluids more easily.

• A. Sterile water supplied for medical use
• B. Tap water from the ward sink
• C. Normal saline from an opened bottle
• D. Boiled water kept at the bedside

Explanation: Sterile water helps humidify oxygen while reducing the risk of introducing microorganisms into the system.

• A. Lay the cylinder loosely beside the patient
• B. Secure the cylinder upright in its holder
• C. Place the cylinder under the patient's bed
• D. Carry the cylinder by its regulator

Explanation: The cylinder should be secured upright so it cannot fall, become damaged or injure someone.

• A. The ties allow two fingers beneath them
• B. The ties allow four fingers beneath them
• C. The ties press tightly into the neck
• D. The ties are loose enough to slide freely

Explanation: Two fingers should fit between the ties and the neck, providing security without excessive pressure.

• A. Continue suctioning until secretions clear
• B. Stop suctioning and turn the patient to the side
• C. Instil normal saline through the tracheostomy
• D. Increase the suction pressure and continue

Explanation: Suctioning must stop immediately when gagging and vomiting occur to reduce trauma and aspiration risk.

• A. It is suitable for an alert patient with a gag reflex
• B. It helps prevent tongue obstruction in an unconscious patient
• C. It is inserted through the nose to reach the trachea
• D. It provides a fixed concentration of inspired oxygen

Explanation: An oropharyngeal airway maintains patency by preventing the tongue from occluding the pharynx in an unconscious patient without a gag…

• A. Continue suctioning to remove remaining secretions
• B. Stop suctioning and provide oxygenation
• C. Increase suction pressure to shorten the procedure
• D. Place the patient flat and leave the catheter in place

Explanation: Bradycardia and pallor may result from hypoxia or vagal stimulation during suctioning.