All Free Fundamentals of Nursing MCQs with Answers

• A. Portal of entry
• B. Susceptible host
• C. Mode of transmission
• D. Causative microorganism

Explanation: A susceptible host has reduced resistance and is more likely to develop infection after exposure.

• A. Rinsing fingertips briefly under running water
• B. Rubbing all hand surfaces for the recommended time
• C. Wearing clean gloves instead of cleaning the hands
• D. Wiping the palms with a dry disposable towel

Explanation: Friction applied to the palms, backs of the hands, fingers, thumbs and fingertips removes microorganisms effectively.

• A. Put on gloves only after touching the bedside table
• B. Wear a gown and gloves before patient contact
• C. Wear an N95 respirator for every patient contact
• D. Remove the patient's mask before beginning care

Explanation: Contact precautions require a gown and gloves when contact with the patient or the care environment is expected.

• A. Gown
• B. Face protection
• C. Gloves
• D. Hand hygiene product

Explanation: Gloves are generally applied last so they remain clean while the gown and face protection are adjusted.

• A. Continue because the forceps still looks clean
• B. Wipe the forceps with an alcohol swab
• C. Treat the forceps as contaminated and replace it
• D. Place the forceps inside the sterile field again

Explanation: Contact with a nonsterile surface contaminates a sterile item, even when no soil is visible.

• A. The pack label has changed colour
• B. The instrument feels hot after processing
• C. A biological indicator shows no growth
• D. The outside of the pack is completely dry

Explanation: A biological indicator uses resistant bacterial spores and is the most direct test of sterilisation effectiveness.

• A. A blood pressure cuff on intact skin
• B. A bedside locker used by one patient
• C. A flexible endoscope contacting mucous membranes
• D. A clean wall near the patient's bed

Explanation: A flexible endoscope is a semicritical item that contacts mucous membranes and requires high-level disinfection when sterilisation is not…

• A. Cover the eye and continue the procedure
• B. Irrigate the eye immediately with clean water or saline
• C. Apply an antiseptic solution directly to the eye
• D. Wait for symptoms before reporting the exposure

Explanation: Immediate irrigation reduces the contact time between potentially infectious material and the conjunctiva.

• A. Shake the linen to remove visible particles
• B. Hold the linen against the uniform while carrying it
• C. Place the linen directly into the designated bag
• D. Sort the linen on the floor before bagging it

Explanation: Used linen should be bagged at the point of removal and handled as little as possible.

• A. Portal of entry
• B. Reservoir
• C. Mode of transmission
• D. Susceptible host

Explanation: A reservoir is the human, animal, or environmental site where microorganisms live and multiply.

• A. Intact skin
• B. Respiratory tract
• C. Sterile muscle tissue
• D. Closed urinary bladder

Explanation: The respiratory tract is a common portal of entry because inhaled organisms can reach mucous membranes and the lungs.

• A. Touch the inside of each glove with bare fingers
• B. Touch only the inner surface of the glove cuff
• C. Place the package on the patient's bed
• D. Keep the hands below the waist while gloving

Explanation: The inside of the glove cuff may be touched because it will contact the hand, while the outside remains sterile.

• A. Place the patient in a negative-pressure room
• B. Use a standard surgical mask for every entry
• C. Assign the patient to a positive-pressure room
• D. Keep the room door open for better ventilation

Explanation: Measles spreads through airborne particles, so airborne precautions include a negative-pressure room and a fit-tested respirator such as…

• A. Use shared equipment after wiping it briefly
• B. Use dedicated equipment for that patient
• C. Place the cuff on the floor between readings
• D. Remove precautions when taking vital signs

Explanation: Dedicated equipment prevents microorganisms from being carried to other patients.

• A. Rub until the hands are visibly wet
• B. Apply it only to the fingertips
• C. Rub all hand surfaces until they are dry
• D. Rinse the hands immediately with water

Explanation: Alcohol-based hand rub should cover all hand surfaces and be rubbed until the hands are dry.

• A. Low-level surface disinfection
• B. High-level disinfection
• C. Dry dusting with a sterile cloth
• D. Rinsing with ordinary tap water

Explanation: A respiratory endoscope contacts mucous membranes and is a semicritical item, so it requires high-level disinfection after thorough…

• A. Ethylene oxide gas
• B. Warm tap-water rinsing
• C. Routine detergent wiping
• D. Brief exposure to room air

Explanation: Ethylene oxide gas can sterilise many heat- and moisture-sensitive medical devices when used in a controlled process.

• A. Pick it up with bare hands and discard it
• B. Leave it on the floor until the procedure ends
• C. Use gloves or forceps to place it in the infectious-waste container
• D. Return it to the dressing pack for later disposal

Explanation: The dressing should be handled with appropriate protection and placed directly into the designated infectious-waste container.

• A. Continue because the gown still looks clean
• B. Cover the wet area with an extra towel
• C. Replace the contaminated gown and gloves
• D. Dry the gown with a sterile gauze pad

Explanation: Moisture can carry microorganisms through a sterile barrier by strike-through contamination.

• A. Cleaning the hands after leaving the patient's room
• B. Cleaning the hands before touching sterile supplies
• C. Cleaning the hands after removing used gloves
• D. Cleaning the hands after touching the patient's bed

Explanation: Hand hygiene is required immediately before an aseptic task to prevent microorganisms on the nurse's hands from entering the wound.