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Free Cytoplasmic Organelles MCQs with Answers

158 Cytoplasmic Organelles MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.

Cytoplasmic organelles are the specialized structures suspended in cytoplasm, including mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles and centrosomes. Questions compare their structures and functions in animal and plant cells, including chloroplasts and the role of the endomembrane system in transport and secretion.

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158 questions · page 5 of 8

81. In a Eukaryotic cell, all of the following are the functions of centrioles EXCEPT that they

  • A. Help in the cell division of animal cells
  • B. It serves as the site of connection between sister chromatids.
  • C. Help to determine the location of the nucleus within the cell
  • D. Organise microtubules that serve as the cell's skeletal system.

Explanation: Centrioles are primarily involved in cell division and organization of microtubules, which are critical for maintaining the cell's…

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Correct answer: It serves as the site of connection between sister chromatids.

82. Centrifugation is a technique that involves the use of centrifugal force for the separation of

  • A. Bacteria on the basis of Gram staining
  • B. Organelles on the basis of their density
  • C. Bological molecules on the basis of their polarity
  • D. Chlorophyll pigments on the basis of their ability to absorb light

Explanation: Centrifugation is a technique that separates components of a mixture based on their density and size by spinning them at high speed.

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Correct answer: Organelles on the basis of their density

83. Human pancreatic cells synthesise digestive enzymes in large quantity due to the presence of a large number of

  • A. Ribosomes
  • B. Lysosomes
  • C. Golgi bodies
  • D. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Explanation: The correct answer is Golgi bodies. Pancreatic cells synthesize large quantities of digestive enzymes, which need to be processed and…

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Correct answer: Golgi bodies

84. Cyclosis, the movement of cytoplasm is controlled by:

  • A. Microtubules
  • B. intermediate filaments
  • C. Microfilaments
  • D. Myosin filaments

Explanation: Cyclosis, or cytoplasmic streaming, is driven by the movement of microfilaments composed of actin and myosin proteins within the cell.

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Correct answer: Microfilaments

85. The organelle which will be more active in liver cells after alcohol intake is

  • A. Lysosomes
  • B. Peroxisome
  • C. Glyoxisome
  • D. Polysome

Explanation: The peroxisome is more active in liver cells after alcohol intake due to its role in alcohol metabolism.

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Correct answer: Peroxisome

86. Most scientists subscribe to the theory of endosymbiosis to explain the presence of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells. According to the theory of endosymbiosis, early pre-eukaryotic cells phagocytosed free living prokaryotes, but failed to digest them. As a result, these prokaryotes remained in residence in the pre-eukaryotes, and continued to generate energy. The host cells were able to use this energy to gain a selective advantage over their competitors, and eventually the energy-producing prokaryotes became mitochondria. In many ways, mitochondria are different from other cellular organelles, and these differences puzzled scientists for many years. The theory of endosymbiosis concisely explains a number of these observations about mitochondria. Perhaps most of all, the theory explains why aerobic metabolism is entirely limited to this one organelle, while other kinds of metabolism are more distributed in the cellular cytosol.Many organisms have evolved the use of an uncoupling protein, UCP1. UCP1 is able to generate heat for animals that must live in the cold, and exerts its effect in the mitochondria. UCP1 functions similarly to ATP synthase, in that it allows protons out of the intermembrane space and into the mitochondrial matrix, but generates energy in the form of heat instead of ATP. Where are we most likely to find UCP1?

  • A. Intramembranous space
  • B. Inner mitochondrial membrane
  • C. Outer membrane of the mitochondrion
  • D. Mitochondrial matrix

Explanation: It has a similar distribution as ATP synthase, it only generates heat instead.

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Correct answer: Inner mitochondrial membrane

87. Most scientists subscribe to the theory of endosymbiosis to explain the presence of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells. According to the theory of endosymbiosis, early pre-eukaryotic cells phagocytosed free living prokaryotes, but failed to digest them. As a result, these prokaryotes remained in residence in the pre-eukaryotes, and continued to generate energy. The host cells were able to use this energy to gain a selective advantage over their competitors, and eventually the energy-producing prokaryotes became mitochondria.In many ways, mitochondria are different from other cellular organelles, and these differences puzzled scientists for many years. The theory of endosymbiosis concisely explains a number of these observations about mitochondria. Perhaps most of all, the theory explains why aerobic metabolism is entirely limited to this one organelle, while other kinds of metabolism are more distributed in the cellular cytosol.A scientist is presenting her evidence in support of the theory of endosymbiosis. Which of the following assertions is FALSE?

  • A. Mitochondria have their own ribosomes
  • B. Mitochondria have a double membrane
  • C. Mitochondria have a reduced genome
  • D. Mitochondria have the full genetic complement of prokaryotes

Explanation: Mitochondria do not have the full genetic complement of prokaryotes, over the aeons when they were free living most of the genome was…

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Correct answer: Mitochondria have the full genetic complement of prokaryotes

88. Follow the route of pepsinogen secreted by zymogen cells:

  • A. SER → Mitochondria → Golgi complex → Secretory vesicles
  • B. RER → SER → Golgi complex → Secretory vesicles
  • C. SER → RER → Golgi complex → Secretory vesicle
  • D. Golgi complex → RER → SER → Secretory vesicles

Explanation: This statement is correct because proteins destined for secretion or membrane insertion are synthesized on the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum…

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Correct answer: RER → SER → Golgi complex → Secretory vesicles

89. Why do ribosomes require Mg²+ ions?

  • A. To synthesize protein
  • B. To transport amino acid to ribosome
  • C. To stabilize the ribosomal structure
  • D. To develop mRNA molecules
  • E. To break down RNA molecules

Explanation: Ribosomes are complex structures made of RNA and proteins. The RNA molecules have a lot of negative charges due to their phosphate…

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Correct answer: To stabilize the ribosomal structure

90. Which one of the following type of plastids helps in pollination and seed dispersal?

  • A. Amyloplast
  • B. Chloroplast
  • C. Chromoplast
  • D. Leucoplast

Explanation: Chromoplasts give color to the plant and thus is responsible for its pollination.

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Correct answer: Chromoplast

91. The transport of secretory proteins takes place through organelles in which of the following order?

  • A. RER-Golgi apparatus-Secretory vesicles
  • B. SER-RER-Golgi apparatus-Secretory vesicles
  • C. RER-SER-Golgi apparatus-Secretory vesicles
  • D. RER-Golgi apparatus-Secretory vesicles-SER

Explanation: The correct answer is C: RER-SER-Golgi apparatus-Secretory vesicles. This sequence accurately represents the pathway of secretory…

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Correct answer: RER-SER-Golgi apparatus-Secretory vesicles

92. Role of lysosomes are:

  • A. Hydrolytic enzymes
  • B. Autophagy
  • C. Destruction of cell
  • D. All of these options

Explanation: Lysosomes are single membranous, spherical vesicles. They contain digestive or hydrolytic enzymes that digest various substances.

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Correct answer: All of these options

93. All of the following statements are true about lysosomes except:

  • A. These are spherical bodies surrounded by a single membrane
  • B. They are responsible for autolysis of the cells
  • C. They originate from the Golgi apparatus
  • D. Tay Sach's disease is caused due to excess of lysosomal enzymes
  • E. They occur only in cytoplasm of animal cells

Explanation: Explanation for this question will be added soon.

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Correct answer: Tay Sach's disease is caused due to excess of lysosomal enzymes

94. Which of the following organelles is best known to detoxify alcohol?

  • A. Mitochondria
  • B. Peroxisomes
  • C. Lysosomes
  • D. Golgi bodies
  • E. Nucleus

Explanation: Explanation for this question will be added soon.

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Correct answer: Peroxisomes

95. Factory for synthesis of sugars in an autotrophic eukaryote is:

  • A. Endoplasmic reticulum
  • B. Cytoplasm
  • C. Chloroplasts
  • D. Mitochondria
  • E. Nucleus

Explanation: Explanation for this question will be added soon.

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Correct answer: Chloroplasts

96. Which is the most appropriate function of Golgi apparatus:

  • A. Synthesis of proteins
  • B. Defence of cell
  • C. Packaging of proteins
  • D. Digestion of macromolecules
  • E. Detoxification of alcohol

Explanation: Explanation for this question will be added soon.

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Correct answer: Packaging of proteins

97. Ribosomes are composed of almost an equal amount of:

  • A. Protein & Lipid
  • B. Protein & RNA
  • C. RNA & Lipid
  • D. RNA & Carbohydrates

Explanation: Option A: Protein & Lipid: Ribosomes are not composed of almost equal amounts of protein and lipid.

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Correct answer: Protein & RNA

98. Porins are present in:

  • A. Mitochondria and golgi apparatus
  • B. Mitochondria and chloroplast
  • C. Mitochondria and ribosomes
  • D. Golgi apparatus and chloroplast

Explanation: Porins are present in the outer membrane of mitochondria and the outer chloroplast membrane.

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Correct answer: Mitochondria and chloroplast

99. Which organelle has hydrolytic enzymes?

  • A. Endoplasmic reticulum
  • B. Ribosomes
  • C. Lysosomes
  • D. Cell wall

Explanation: Lysosomes are also refered as the dustbin of the cell. They contain hydrolytic enzymes for the breakdown of the cell wastes.

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Correct answer: Lysosomes

100. Which of the following organelles has its own DNA?

  • A. Endoplasmic reticulum
  • B. Lysosomes
  • C. Mitochondria
  • D. Ribosomes

Explanation: It is a self replicating organelle which contains its own DNA and synthesises its own proteins.

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Correct answer: Mitochondria
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