Free Cytoplasmic Organelles MCQs with Answers
158 Cytoplasmic Organelles MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Cytoplasmic organelles are the specialized structures suspended in cytoplasm, including mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles and centrosomes. Questions compare their structures and functions in animal and plant cells, including chloroplasts and the role of the endomembrane system in transport and secretion.
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- A. It contains F1 particles
- B. It is involved in the synthesis of protein
- C. It is a self replicating organelle
- D. Number of mitochondria is constant
Explanation: Mitochondria contain F1 particles, possess their own DNA and ribosomes, and can synthesize some proteins and replicate independently.
Correct answer: Number of mitochondria is constant- A. Primary xylem
- B. Secondary xylem
- C. Primary phloem
- D. Secondary phloem
Explanation: Sapwood is the younger, outer part of wood formed by secondary xylem, and it conducts water and minerals from the roots.
Correct answer: Secondary xylem- A. Parenchyma
- B. Companion cell
- C. Tracheid
- D. Sieve element
Explanation: Sieve elements form the conducting tubes through which phloem transports sugars and other organic solutes.
Correct answer: Sieve element- A. Microtubules
- B. Microfilaments
- C. Intermediate filaments
- D. None of these
Explanation: Microtubules assemble into the mitotic spindle and attach to chromosomes, then disassemble or reorganize to separate the chromosomes into…
Correct answer: Microtubules- A. Endoplasmic reticulum
- B. Golgi complex
- C. Lysosomes
- D. Cell membrane
Explanation: The Golgi complex modifies, sorts and packages proteins and lipids into vesicles for secretion outside the cell or delivery to other cell…
Correct answer: Golgi complex- A. Endocytosis
- B. Exocytosis
- C. Phagocytosis
- D. Pinocytosis
Explanation: Pinocytosis is a type of endocytosis in which the cell membrane takes in extracellular fluid and dissolved substances in small vesicles.
Correct answer: Pinocytosis- A. Golgi
- B. De Duve
- C. Palade
- D. R.Brown
Explanation: George Emil Palade identified ribosomes as dense particles using electron microscopy and helped establish their role in protein synthesis.
Correct answer: Palade- A. 60
- B. 50
- C. 40
- D. 70
Explanation: A granum is a stack of thylakoid membranes in a chloroplast, and many textbook descriptions give an average of about 50 or more thylakoids…
Correct answer: 50- A. Robert Koch
- B. Robert Hooke
- C. Robert Mug Abe
- D. Robert Brown
Explanation: Robert Brown reported the nucleus in plant cells in 1831 after observing it as a distinct structure within the cell.
Correct answer: Robert Brown- A. Chloroplasts
- B. Chromoplasts
- C. Leucoplasts
- D. All of these
Explanation: Plastids are plant-cell organelles classified mainly as chloroplasts, chromoplasts and leucoplasts according to their pigments and…
Correct answer: All of these- A. mitochondria
- B. golgi complex
- C. endoplasmic reticulum
- D. lysosomes
Explanation: Mitochondria contain their own circular DNA and 70S ribosomes, reflecting their evolutionary origin from bacteria.
Correct answer: mitochondria- A. De-Duve
- B. Schwann
- C. August Weismann
- D. Palade
Explanation: George Emil Palade first studied ribosomes using electron microscopy and described them as small cytoplasmic granules in 1955.
Correct answer: Palade- A. Cytoplasm
- B. Cell membrane
- C. Chloroplasts
- D. Vacuole
Explanation: Chlorophyll is the green photosynthetic pigment located in the thylakoid membranes inside chloroplasts.
Correct answer: Chloroplasts- A. Plasma membrane
- B. Nuclear membrane
- C. Vacuolar membrane
- D. Mitochondrial membrane
Explanation: The cis face of the Golgi apparatus is the side that receives transport vesicles containing proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Correct answer: Nuclear membrane- A. Membrane-bounded, Contains Pigment, Not found in Plants
- B. Not Membrane-bounded, Contains Pigment, Found in Plants
- C. Membrane-bounded, Contains Pigment, Found in Plants
- D. Membrane-bounded, No Pigment, Found in Plants
Explanation: Chromoplasts are a type of plastid found in plant cells. They are membrane-bounded organelles that contain pigments, which give colour to…
Correct answer: Membrane-bounded, Contains Pigment, Found in Plants- A. Ribosome
- B. Lysosome
- C. Centrosome
- D. Peroxisome.
Explanation: The correct answer is Option A: ribosome. Ribosomes are responsible for synthesizing proteins by linking amino acids into polypeptide…
Correct answer: Ribosome- A. Pellet: Nuclei, Supernatant: Dissolved ions
- B. Pellet: Dissolved ions, Supernatant: Dissolved ions
- C. Pellet: Nuclei, Supernatant: Nuclei
- D. Pellet: Dissolved ions, Supernatant: Nuclei
Explanation: During centrifugation, heavier and more dense components like Nuclei are forced to the bottom of the tube to form a Pellet.
Correct answer: Pellet: Nuclei, Supernatant: Dissolved ions- A. Ribosomes
- B. Plasma membrane
- C. Nuclear membrane
- D. Endoplasmic reticulum
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus is an organelle responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids.
Correct answer: Endoplasmic reticulum- A. Assembling of ribosomal subunits during protein synthesis
- B. Secretion of hydrolytic enzymes by lysosomes
- C. Production of ATP by mitochondria
- D. Coiling of DNA during cell division
Explanation: The correct answer is Option A:Assembling of ribosomal subunits during protein synthesis.Magnesium ions play a critical role in…
Correct answer: Assembling of ribosomal subunits during protein synthesis- A. They store nucleic acids
- B. They oxidize hydrogen peroxide
- C. They convert fat into carbohydrates
- D. They facilitate the process of cell division
Explanation: Peroxisomes contain oxidative enzymes like peroxidases, catalases, and glycolyic acid oxidases.
Correct answer: They oxidize hydrogen peroxide