Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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Read the Cell Structure and Function notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms2,478 questions · page 23 of 124
- A. Just below sperm entry
- B. Just above sperm entry
- C. Just opposite sperm entry
- D. Just adjacent to sperm entry
Explanation: Marks future dorsal side; forms opposite sperm entry.
Correct answer: Just opposite sperm entry- A. Centromere
- B. Kinetochore
- C. Telomere
- D. Kinetosome
Explanation: Kinetochore is the attachment point for spindle fibers.
Correct answer: Kinetochore- A. Leptotene
- B. Zygotene
- C. Pachytene
- D. Diplotene
Explanation: Pachytene is where homologous non-sister chromatids exchange segments.
Correct answer: Pachytene- A. Pachytene
- B. Zygotene
- C. Diplotene
- D. Metaphase I
Explanation: Synapsed homologous chromosomes form bivalents during pachytene.
Correct answer: Pachytene- A. Chromosome condensation
- B. Spindle formation
- C. Nuclear envelope reformation
- D. Chromatid segregation
Explanation: Nuclear envelope reforms, chromosomes decondense, marking end of nuclear division.
Correct answer: Nuclear envelope reformation- A. Chromatids remain in center
- B. Chromatids move toward poles
- C. Golgi & ER visible
- D. Chromosomes align at equator
Explanation: Chromosomes align along equatorial plate for equal segregation.
Correct answer: Chromosomes align at equator- A. Satellites
- B. Secondary constrictions
- C. Kinetochores
- D. Centromeres
Explanation: Kinetochores at centromeres attach spindle fibers.
Correct answer: Kinetochores- A. Chromosome
- B. Chromocenter
- C. Centriole
- D. Kinetochore
Explanation: During cell division, spindle fibers attach to the kinetochore, which is a highly specialized protein structure located on the centromere…
Correct answer: Kinetochore- A. Chromomeres
- B. Chromatids
- C. Telomeres
- D. Centrioles
Explanation: During metaphase, each chromosome consists of two identical sister chromatids joined at the centromere.
Correct answer: Chromatids- A. A
- B. B
- C. C
- D. D
Explanation: During prophase, the chromatin fibers condense to form distinct chromosomes visible under a microscope.
Correct answer: B- A. Separation of sister chromatids
- B. Pairing of homologous chromosomes and crossing over
- C. Chromosome replication
- D. Formation of two haploid nuclei
Explanation: Only in Prophase I do homologous chromosomes synapse and exchange genetic material - increasing genetic variation.
Correct answer: Pairing of homologous chromosomes and crossing over- A. Homologous chromosomes separate
- B. Crossing over occurs
- C. Sister chromatids separate
- D. Cytokinesis begins
Explanation: Anaphase II is similar to mitotic anaphase - centromeres divide and chromatids move to opposite poles.
Correct answer: Sister chromatids separate453. In meiosis I diagram, the crossing‑over structure shown between homologous chromosomes is called:
- A. Centromere
- B. Chiasma
- C. Chromatid
- D. Synaptonemal complex
Explanation: The chiasma is the visible site where non-sister chromatids exchange genetic segments during crossing over.
Correct answer: Chiasma- A. Pachytene
- B. Diplotene
- C. Diakinesis
- D. Zygotene
Explanation: Terminalization (movement of chiasmata toward chromosome ends) occurs in diakinesis, the final stage of Prophase I.
Correct answer: Diakinesis- A. Chromatids remain attached to one another until anaphase
- B. Metaphase chromosomes become aligned at the metaphase plate
- C. Chromosomes are grouped during telophase
- D. The nucleus is located prior to mitosis
Explanation: The centromere is a specialized region of a chromosome where two sister chromatids are held together until they separate during anaphase…
Correct answer: Chromatids remain attached to one another until anaphase456. What is a chromatid?
- A. A chromosome in G1 of the cell cycle
- B. A replicate chromosome
- C. A chromosome found outside the nucleus
- D. A special region that holds two centromeres together
Explanation: In G1, each chromosome is a single chromatid. In G2, after DNA replication in S phase, as cell enter mitotic prophase, each chromosome…
Correct answer: A chromosome in G1 of the cell cycle- A. 4
- B. 8
- C. 16
- D. 32
Explanation: Starting with a fertilized egg (zygote), a series of five cell divisions would result in a total of 32 cells in the early embryo.The…
Correct answer: 32- A. 10
- B. 20
- C. 30
- D. 40
Explanation: If there are 20 chromatids in a cell, it means that these chromatids are derived from 10 chromosomes.
Correct answer: 10- A. Binary fission would not allow for the formation of new organisms
- B. Cell division would allow for the orderly and efficient segregation of multiple linear chromosomes
- C. Cell division would be faster than binary fission
- D. Binary fision would not allow the organism to have complex cells
Explanation: Eukaryotic cell division is well-suited for organisms with multiple linear chromosomes, as it allows for the orderly segregation of these…
Correct answer: Cell division would allow for the orderly and efficient segregation of multiple linear chromosomes- A. The daughter cells have half the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA
- B. The daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA
- C. The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA
- D. The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA
Explanation: At the end of mitosis and cytokinesis, the daughter cells produced are identical to each other and to the parent cell when it was in the…
Correct answer: The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA