Free Veterinary Pathology MCQs with Answers

• A. Liquefactive necrosis
• B. Coagulative necrosis
• C. Caseous necrosis
• D. Fat necrosis

Explanation: Brain tissue commonly undergoes liquefactive necrosis because enzymatic digestion transforms the dead tissue into a soft, fluid mass.

• A. Neutrophil
• B. Epithelioid macrophage
• C. Plasma cell
• D. Mast cell

Explanation: Mature granulomas are mainly formed by activated macrophages that develop an epithelioid appearance, often with surrounding lymphocytes.

• A. Cell swelling with membrane rupture
• B. Marked neutrophil accumulation
• C. Cell shrinkage with formation of apoptotic bodies
• D. Extensive inflammation around dead cells

Explanation: Apoptosis involves programmed cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation and formation of membrane-bound apoptotic bodies, usually without…

• A. Reduced venous drainage
• B. Reduced cardiac output
• C. Obstruction of lymphatic flow
• D. Increased arterial blood flow

Explanation: Active hyperemia is caused by arteriolar dilation and increased blood inflow, such as during exercise or inflammation.

• A. Apple-green birefringence after Congo red staining
• B. Magenta material with periodic acid Schiff stain only
• C. Black granules after Prussian blue staining
• D. Metachromatic material after Gram staining

Explanation: Amyloid deposits bind Congo red and show apple-green birefringence under polarized light, which is a characteristic diagnostic finding.

• A. Presence of a fibrous capsule
• B. Ability to invade surrounding tissues
• C. Uniformity of the tumour cells
• D. Slow, localized growth

Explanation: Malignant neoplasms characteristically invade adjacent tissues and may metastasize to distant sites.

• A. Fever, pain and swelling
• B. Anaemia, hypoxia and acidosis
• C. Stasis, endothelial injury and hypercoagulability
• D. Vasodilation, oedema and haemorrhage

Explanation: Thrombosis is promoted by abnormal blood flow or stasis, endothelial injury and a hypercoagulable state.

• A. Calcium phosphate
• B. Glycogen granules
• C. Bilirubin crystals
• D. Triglycerides

Explanation: Fatty change, or hepatic steatosis, is the accumulation of triglycerides within hepatocytes.

• A. Closely apposed clean edges
• B. Widely separated infected edges
• C. Extensive tissue loss and granulation
• D. A large necrotic wound bed

Explanation: First-intention healing occurs when clean wound edges are closely apposed, allowing limited granulation tissue and a small scar.

• A. Hepatocytes and Kupffer cells
• B. Neurons of the central nervous system
• C. Renal tubular epithelium
• D. Skeletal muscle fibres

Explanation: Negri bodies are eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies found in neurons during rabies infection, especially in the hippocampus…

• A. Lymphocytes
• B. Eosinophils
• C. Neutrophils
• D. Plasma cells

Explanation: Neutrophils are rapidly recruited from blood and dominate most early acute inflammatory responses.

• A. Formation from hydrostatic pressure
• B. Clearer fluid appearance
• C. Lower cellular content
• D. Higher protein concentration

Explanation: An exudate forms when vascular permeability increases, allowing protein and cells to escape into tissues.

• A. Necrotic tissue with normal serum calcium
• B. Healthy tissue with severe hypercalcaemia
• C. Normal tissue with reduced phosphate
• D. Living tissue with low serum calcium

Explanation: Dystrophic calcification develops in damaged or necrotic tissues even when blood calcium is normal.

• A. Irreversible transformation into a malignant cell
• B. Reversible replacement by another mature cell type
• C. Increase in cell size without tissue replacement
• D. Increase in cell number after permanent injury

Explanation: Metaplasia is a reversible change in which one differentiated adult cell type is replaced by another better suited to persistent stress.

• A. C3a
• B. C5a
• C. C3b
• D. C9

Explanation: C3b binds to microbial surfaces and promotes their recognition and phagocytosis by leukocytes.

• A. IgA
• B. IgG
• C. IgM
• D. IgE

Explanation: IgE binds to mast cells and basophils, and allergen-mediated cross-linking triggers rapid mediator release.

• A. Myofibroblast
• B. Fibrocyte
• C. Neutrophil
• D. Endothelial cell

Explanation: Myofibroblasts contain contractile actin filaments and pull wound margins toward the centre during repair.

• A. Primary cardiac pump failure
• B. Reduced circulating blood volume
• C. Systemic bacterial vasodilation
• D. Acute airway obstruction

Explanation: Hypovolaemic shock begins with loss of blood or body fluid, which reduces venous return and cardiac output.

• A. Oil Red O
• B. Congo red
• C. Prussian blue
• D. Periodic acid-Schiff

Explanation: Prussian blue detects ferric iron within hemosiderin by producing a blue reaction product.

• A. Dystrophic mineralization
• B. Nuclear fragmentation
• C. Plasma membrane rupture
• D. Cellular swelling

Explanation: Cellular swelling results from failure of energy-dependent ion pumps and is a common early, reversible change.