All Free Veterinary Science MCQs with Answers

• A. Wild aquatic birds
• B. Domestic cattle
• C. Reptiles in deserts
• D. Laboratory rodents

Explanation: Wild aquatic birds, particularly ducks, geese, and other waterfowl, serve as important natural reservoirs for many avian influenza…

• A. Domestic pigs of the genus Sus
• B. Fruit bats of the genus Pteropus
• C. Wild rodents of the genus Rattus
• D. Waterfowl of the family Anatidae

Explanation: Fruit bats, especially Pteropus species, maintain Nipah virus in nature and can transmit it to animals or humans.

• A. Bites of infected hard ticks
• B. Milk from infected dairy cattle
• C. Aerosolized excreta of infected rodents
• D. Raw meat from infected wild pigs

Explanation: Hantaviruses are commonly transmitted when dust contaminated with infected rodent urine, saliva, or feces becomes airborne.

• A. Maintenance reservoir host
• B. Natural definitive host
• C. Biological vector host
• D. Accidental intermediate host

Explanation: Humans become accidental intermediate hosts when they ingest Echinococcus eggs and develop hydatid cysts.

• A. Undercooked beef containing cysticerci
• B. Undercooked pork containing cysticerci
• C. Raw freshwater fish containing metacercariae
• D. Unwashed vegetables containing hydatid eggs

Explanation: Taenia saginata infection follows ingestion of viable cysticerci in inadequately cooked beef.

• A. Receiving routine antibiotics during every trimester
• B. Avoiding raw meat and contact with cat feces
• C. Avoiding pasteurized milk and cooked vegetables
• D. Using insect repellents before handling pet animals

Explanation: Pregnant women can reduce risk by eating thoroughly cooked meat, washing produce, and avoiding cat feces or using suitable precautions…

• A. Oropharyngeal anthrax
• B. Gastrointestinal anthrax
• C. Inhalational anthrax
• D. Localized cutaneous anthrax

Explanation: Inhalational anthrax results from breathing aerosolized Bacillus anthracis spores, often during processing of contaminated wool or hides.

• A. A dead-end host is required for completion of every parasite cycle
• B. A reservoir host is always the first infected human in an outbreak
• C. A dead-end host efficiently spreads an agent to many vectors
• D. A reservoir host maintains an agent and can sustain its transmission

Explanation: A reservoir host supports persistence of an infectious agent and may pass it to susceptible hosts or vectors.

• A. Assisting livestock births without respiratory protection
• B. Handling cooked poultry after kitchen preparation
• C. Cleaning aquariums containing ornamental fish
• D. Milking cattle after routine vaccination

Explanation: Coxiella burnetii is heavily shed in products of conception, especially from infected sheep, goats, and cattle.

• A. Culex mosquitoes
• B. Ixodes hard ticks
• C. Phlebotomine sand flies
• D. Xenopsylla fleas

Explanation: Borrelia burgdorferi and related organisms are transmitted mainly by Ixodes ticks.

• A. Metazoonosis
• B. Sapronosis
• C. Anthroponosis
• D. Cyclozoonosis

Explanation: Anthroponosis refers to an infection maintained in humans and transmitted to other vertebrate animals.

• A. Poultry
• B. Horses
• C. Cats
• D. Cattle

Explanation: Cattle commonly carry E. coli O157:H7 in the intestinal tract and may contaminate meat, milk, water, or vegetables with feces.

• A. Dromedary camels
• B. Domestic pigs
• C. Sheep and goats
• D. Wild waterfowl

Explanation: Dromedary camels are an important animal reservoir and source of MERS-CoV transmission to humans.

• A. Adenovirus
• B. Parapoxvirus
• C. Retrovirus
• D. Dermatophyte

Explanation: Orf is caused by Orf virus, a member of the Parapoxvirus genus. It produces proliferative skin lesions in infected small ruminants and may…

• A. Cercariae in fresh milk
• B. Eggs in raw meat
• C. Metacercariae on aquatic plants
• D. Adult flukes in dry fodder

Explanation: The metacercaria is the encysted infective stage found on aquatic vegetation such as watercress.

• A. A freshwater fish
• B. A freshwater snail
• C. A dung beetle
• D. An infected flea

Explanation: Dipylidium caninum larvae develop in fleas, and humans, especially children, may become infected by swallowing an infected flea.

• A. To detect unsafe animals and carcasses
• B. To increase the weight of carcasses
• C. To improve the color of meat
• D. To replace cold storage of meat

Explanation: Meat inspection identifies diseased animals and abnormal carcasses that may be unsafe for human consumption.

• A. Intact hair shafts
• B. Broken skin or mucous membranes
• C. The external surface of clothing
• D. Unbroken fingernails

Explanation: Leptospira can penetrate abraded skin or mucous membranes after contact with urine contaminated water or soil.

• A. Bacillus cereus
• B. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
• C. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
• D. Staphylococcus epidermidis

Explanation: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae causes erysipeloid, a localized occupational skin infection acquired through wounds during handling of…

• A. Measure the nutritional value of feed
• B. Provide permanent immunity to livestock
• C. Replace laboratory confirmation of disease
• D. Detect pathogen circulation before human outbreaks

Explanation: Sentinel animals are monitored because infection or exposure in them can provide an early warning of pathogens circulating in an area.