Free Learning and Motivation MCQs with Answers
370 Learning and Motivation MCQs from Psychology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
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370 questions · page 8 of 19
141. The extent to which people believe that they can bring about an outcome is referred to as________.
- A. Extraversion
- B. Neuroticism
- C. Self-efficacy
- D. Self-regulation
Explanation: Self-efficacy is the belief that one can successfully perform actions and produce a desired outcome.
Correct answer: Self-efficacy- A. classical conditioning
- B. operant conditioning
- C. observational learning
- D. insight learning
Explanation: Skinner explained learning mainly through operant conditioning, in which consequences such as reinforcement and punishment alter the…
Correct answer: operant conditioning- A. learned helplessness
- B. an internal locus of control
- C. an inferiority complex
- D. the self-reference phenomenon
Explanation: Learned helplessness develops when repeated exposure to uncontrollable aversive events teaches a person that efforts will not change the…
Correct answer: learned helplessness- A. belongingness and love needs
- B. aesthetic needs
- C. the need for self-actualization
- D. esteem needs
Explanation: Wanting a partner and children reflects the need for close relationships, affection, and group membership, which Maslow calls…
Correct answer: belongingness and love needs- A. curvilinear relationship
- B. effect of extraneous variables
- C. natural experiment
- D. placebo effect
Explanation: The improvement followed an inert substance presented as an effective diet pill, so the expectation of benefit produced the reported…
Correct answer: placebo effect- A. Pavlov
- B. Freud
- C. Maslow
- D. Skinner
Explanation: B. F. Skinner studied operant conditioning, in which behavior is strengthened or weakened by its consequences.
Correct answer: Skinner- A. occur after the response
- B. occur before the response
- C. occur simultaneously with the response
- D. are unrelated to the response except during extinction
Explanation: In Thorndike’s law of effect, the consequences that follow a response determine whether that response becomes more or less likely in the…
Correct answer: occur after the response- A. conditioned response
- B. unconditioned stimulus
- C. conditioned stimulus
- D. unconditioned response
Explanation: Before conditioning, the bell is neutral, but after being paired with food it becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits salivation.
Correct answer: conditioned stimulus- A. conditioned response
- B. unconditioned stimulus
- C. conditioned stimulus
- D. unconditioned response
Explanation: Food naturally produces salivation without prior learning, so it is the unconditioned stimulus.
Correct answer: unconditioned stimulus- A. neutral stimulus
- B. unconditioned stimulus
- C. conditioned stimulus
- D. unconditioned response
Explanation: Before conditioning, the bell does not naturally produce salivation, so it is a neutral stimulus.
Correct answer: neutral stimulus- A. Conditioned response
- B. Unconditioned stimulus
- C. Conditioned stimulus
- D. unconditioned response
Explanation: Salivation that occurs naturally when food is presented is an unconditioned response because it does not require learning.
Correct answer: unconditioned response- A. food
- B. bell
- C. salivation to the food
- D. salivation to the bell
Explanation: The bell became a conditioned stimulus after repeated pairing with food.
Correct answer: bell- A. operant conditioning
- B. reinforcement
- C. classical conditioning
- D. vicarious conditioning
Explanation: Pavlov's work established classical conditioning, in which a previously neutral stimulus acquires the ability to elicit a response through…
Correct answer: classical conditioning- A. Instinct
- B. Taxis
- C. Kinesis
- D. All of these
Explanation: An instinct is an inherited behaviour pattern shaped by natural selection.
Correct answer: Instinct155. Who discovered the concept classical conditioning in experiment that involved lots of dogs drool?
- A. Skinner
- B. Pavlov
- C. Guilford
- D. Rogers
Explanation: Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning while studying dogs' salivation, observing that they could learn to salivate to signals…
Correct answer: Pavlov- A. Operant conditioning learning
- B. Trial-and-error learning
- C. Latent Learning
- D. Classical conditioning learning
Explanation: Tolman's maze experiments showed that rats could learn the layout of a maze without immediate reinforcement and later display that…
Correct answer: Latent Learning- A. Skinner
- B. Wundt
- C. Thorndyke
- D. Kohler
Explanation: B. F. Skinner is best known for operant conditioning, in which behaviour is shaped by its consequences, and for applying reinforcement…
Correct answer: Skinner- A. Skinner
- B. Pavlov
- C. Guilford
- D. Rogers
Explanation: Pavlov identified classical conditioning through experiments showing that dogs could learn to salivate in response to a previously neutral…
Correct answer: Pavlov- A. Skinner
- B. Pavlov
- C. Guilford
- D. Rogers
Explanation: Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning while studying dogs’ salivation; a neutral signal such as a bell came to produce salivation…
Correct answer: Pavlov- A. Imprinting
- B. Habituation
- C. Conditioned reflex type I
- D. Conditioned reflex type II
Explanation: Habituation is the gradual decline of a response when a repeated stimulus is experienced without a meaningful consequence.
Correct answer: Habituation