Free Learning and Motivation MCQs with Answers

• A. Imprinting
• B. Habituation
• C. Latent learning
• D. Conditioned reflex type II

Explanation: Habituation is the simplest form of learning because repeated exposure produces a reduced response without requiring reward or punishment.

• A. Learned
• B. Innate
• C. Imprinting
• D. Both a & b

Explanation: Plant behaviour is generally treated as innate because plants lack a nervous system and do not acquire behaviour through learning in the…

• A. thalamus
• B. cerebellum
• C. angular gyrus
• D. limbic system

Explanation: The limbic system contains key reward-related structures, including pathways involving the nucleus accumbens and related dopamine…

• A. increase; increase
• B. decrease; increase
• C. decrease; decrease
• D. eliminate; eliminate

Explanation: Endorphin agonists mimic or enhance the action of natural pain-relieving opioids, so they decrease immediate pain.

• A. External sensory stimuli and organism's internal state
• B. Pre-optic area and estrogen
• C. Interpersonal attraction and financial stability
• D. Intelligence and physical attractiveness

Explanation: Sexual motivation reflects both external sensory cues and internal physiological states, such as hormonal and bodily conditions.

• A. Lesions of the preoptic area can elicit copulatory activity
• B. Electrical stimulation of the preoptic area can permanently abolish male sexual behavior
• C. Neuronal and metabolic activity is induced the preoptic area during copulation
• D. Small implants of the female hormone estrogen into the preoptic area restore sexual behavior is castrated ratsGet Study Guides

Explanation: Copulation produces increased neuronal and metabolic activity in the preoptic area, supporting its role in male sexual behavior.

• A. Women might choose a partner likely to provide reliability and stability
• B. Women might be attracted to men who are successful and powerful
• C. Men might guard the partner from the attentions of other men
• D. None of the above-all are trueEnroll In Courses

Explanation: All three behaviors can be understood as evolutionary influences on sexual behavior: choosing reliable or powerful partners and guarding a…

• A. Wide range of drinks available stimulate desire to drink
• B. We drink more when offered variety as opposed to only one type of drink
• C. Eating can stimulate drinking behavior
• D. All of the above

Explanation: Drinking can continue beyond physiological water need because variety increases intake and eating often stimulates drinking.

• A. Cellular dehydration; thirst
• B. Hypovolemia; drinking
• C. Cellular dehydration; drinking
• D. Hypovolemia; eating

Explanation: Hypovolemia means reduced blood volume, and the resulting regulatory response commonly includes drinking to restore fluid balance.

• A. When our bodies lose too much water, we feel thirsty
• B. When we eat foods rich in salt, we feel thirsty
• C. Cellular dehydration is sensed peripherally in the body
• D. The part of the brain that senses cellular dehydration is between the preoptic area and the hypothalamusTake Psychology Courses

Explanation: Cellular dehydration is detected mainly by osmoreceptors in the brain, especially around the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis…

• A. Emotions
• B. Goals
• C. Society
• D. Communication

Explanation: A motivational state energizes and directs behavior toward a goal, such as obtaining food, water, or safety.

• A. 1,2 & 3
• B. 1 & 4
• C. 2,3 & 4
• D. 2 & 3Trace Family History

Explanation: The orbitofrontal cortex contributes to survival-related evaluation, reward decoding, and emotional processing.

• A. Sedentary lifestyles mean human beings take less regular exercise, which leads to excess weight
• B. Human meal times tend to be fixed which overrides body's natural appetite and control mechanism
• C. Variety of modern foods encourage people to eat more by bringing immediate rewards of new tastes smell and textures
• D. Higher stress levels in contemporary society can lead to overeating
• E. All of the above

Explanation: Sedentary living, externally fixed meal patterns, highly varied rewarding foods, and stress are all environmental or contemporary…

• A. Hypothalamus
• B. Estrogen
• C. Cortisol
• D. Leptin

Explanation: Leptin is released mainly by fat cells and provides the hypothalamus with a long-term signal about stored body fat, helping regulate…

• A. It is also known as the orbitofrontal cortex
• B. There is no modulation of taste-responses in the secondary region of the brain
• C. As satiety develops, neuronal activity in the secondary taste cortex appears to make food less acceptable and less pleasant
• D. Electrical stimulation in the secondary taste cortex produces reward

Explanation: The secondary taste cortex, largely within the orbitofrontal cortex, is modulated by satiety: food becomes less pleasant after sufficient…

• A. Satiety and reward signals are necessary to control eating
• B. Taste and smell stop food-seeking
• C. Gastric distension is caused by sham feeding
• D. Satiety motivates food-seeking behavior

Explanation: Sham feeding allows taste and smell signals to occur without normal post-ingestive consequences, showing that eating is controlled by both…

• A. Rats have the same level of plasma glucose concentration just before meals as just after
• B. Injections of insulin provoke food intake
• C. Infusions or injections of glucose and insulin provoke feeding
• D. Infusions of a competitive inhibitor of glucose in to the medulla reduce feeding

Explanation: The glucostatic hypothesis predicts that a fall in usable glucose triggers eating; insulin lowers blood glucose and can therefore provoke…

• A. Most tired
• B. Least hungry
• C. Least fertile
• D. Most fertile

Explanation: Some research indicates that women become more sensitive or receptive to relevant external sensory cues during the fertile phase of the…

• A. The animal tastes smells and eats the food normally
• B. The stomach becomes full
• C. It becomes clear that the taste and smell of food provide the immediate reward for food-motivated behavior
• D. It becomes clear that oropharyngeal make us feel satiated

Explanation: In sham feeding, food is tasted and chewed but is prevented from producing normal stomach filling, often through a fistula.

• A. his insulin level has decreased
• B. learn tissue is maintained by fewer calories than is fat tissue
• C. his metabolic rate has decreased
• D. his fat cells have decreased in number

Explanation: During prolonged calorie restriction, the body commonly lowers its metabolic rate as an energy-conservation response.