All Free Psychology MCQs with Answers

• A. a multi-factorial research design
• B. a longitudinal research design
• C. a cross-sectional research design
• D. a nested condition research design

Explanation: Tanvir compares separate age groups at the same general time rather than following the same children, making this a cross-sectional…

• A. a longitudinal research design
• B. a sequential design
• C. a cross-sectional design
• D. a multi-factorial research design

Explanation: The same group of 10-year-olds is assessed repeatedly over two years, which defines a longitudinal design.

• A. longitudinal study
• B. more information is needed to determine the design of the experiment
• C. Gesell's dome
• D. cross sectional study

Explanation: Testing separate age groups once compares people of different ages at a single time, which is a cross-sectional design.

• A. Correlational study
• B. cross sectional study
• C. Gesell's dome
• D. longitudinal study

Explanation: A longitudinal study follows the same group over an extended period, allowing researchers to observe change across 30 years.

• A. Do the findings from psychological studies parallel what happens to real crime witnesses?
• B. Should research findings be made available to the court to influence real trials?
• C. Both (a) and (b)
• D. Neither (a) nor (b)

Explanation: External validity asks whether research findings generalise beyond the study, including to real witnesses and courtroom decisions.

• A. Constant error
• B. Criteria contamination
• C. Random error of judgement
• D. Cognitive error of halo effect

Explanation: The halo effect is a judgement error in which one prominent impression of an applicant influences ratings of other qualities during…

• A. the dependent group and the independent group
• B. the extraneous and the independent group
• C. the before group and the after group
• D. the control group and the experimental group

Explanation: In the standard two-group experiment, the experimental group receives the treatment or independent-variable manipulation, while the…

• A. ensuring that participation is involuntary
• B. harming the subjects when necessary
• C. minimizing confidentiality
• D. providing results and interpretations to participants

Explanation: Ethical research includes debriefing participants and explaining the study’s results and interpretations when appropriate.

• A. Correlation method
• B. Experimental method
• C. Naturalistic observation method
• D. Participant observer method

Explanation: The experimental method is designed to test cause and effect because the researcher manipulates an independent variable and observes its…

• A. theory
• B. law
• C. hypothesis
• D. experiment

Explanation: A hypothesis is a provisional, testable explanation or prediction. A theory is a broader, well-supported explanatory framework, while an…

• A. a high dosage of alcohol
• B. one-half the dosage given the experimental group
• C. a driving test before and after drinking alcohol
• D. no alcohol at all

Explanation: A control group should not receive the independent variable, so it should receive no alcohol while the experimental group receives…

• A. 1 & 2
• B. 2 & 3
• C. 1 & 4
• D. 3 & 4

Explanation: Research-methods knowledge helps people distinguish evidence from misleading claims, especially the error of treating correlation as…

• A. 1, 3 & 4
• B. 1, 2 & 3
• C. 2, 3 & 4
• D. 1, 2 & 4

Explanation: Good research should be public so it can be scrutinised, cumulative so findings build on earlier work, and parsimonious by favouring the…

• A. Valid, scientific, ethical, experimental, correlational
• B. Scientific, experimental, public, parsimonious, cumulative
• C. valid, reliable, Public, parsimonious, cumulative
• D. Experimental, quasi-experimental survey, correlational, meta-analytic

Explanation: The standard qualities listed here are validity, reliability, public accessibility, parsimony and cumulativeness.

• A. Psychology is bound by research ethics
• B. Psychology relies on the scientific method
• C. Psychology relies on the statistical tests
• D. Psychology is bound by human populations

Explanation: Psychology is distinguished by its systematic use of the scientific method to formulate, test and revise explanations of behaviour and…

• A. Theories, hypotheses, tests
• B. Self-report, experiments correlations
• C. Behavioural, self-report, experimental
• D. Behavioural, self-report, physiological

Explanation: Psychologists assess mental activity through observable behaviour, people’s self-reports and physiological measures such as heart rate or…

• A. The true experimental method
• B. The quasi-experimental method
• C. The introspective method
• D. The case study method

Explanation: Introspection relies on individuals’ private self-observations and is not a widely used modern experimental method because such reports…

• A. 1 & 2
• B. 1 & 3
• C. 2 & 3
• D. 4

Explanation: Statement 2 is false because theories explain why events occur, not merely what occurs, while statement 3 is false because theories can…

• A. Experimentation
• B. Revision
• C. Manipulation Check
• D. Triangulation

Explanation: Triangulation means investigating the same issue through multiple methods, measures, researchers, or data sources.

• A. Practical issues are irrelevant when deciding which research method use
• B. No one method is universally superior to any other.
• C. Both a and b
• D. Neither a nor b

Explanation: Research methods must be selected according to practical, ethical, theoretical, and validity-related considerations.