All Free Pathology MCQs with Answers

• A. Lines of zahn
• B. Chicken fat appearance
• C. Dry and friable
• D. Firm adherence to endothelium where as absent in postmorten clots

Explanation: A chicken-fat appearance is typical of a postmortem clot formed from separated red cells and plasma, not an antemortem thrombus.

• A. Ecchymosis
• B. Malena
• C. Melanosis
• D. Petechiae

Explanation: Ecchymoses, petechiae, and melena can indicate bleeding, whereas melanosis means abnormal melanin pigmentation and is unrelated to…

• A. Hemothorax
• B. Heamoperitonium
• C. Heamopericardium
• D. Hematoma

Explanation: A hematoma is a localized collection of extravasated blood within tissues that produces swelling.

• A. All of the above
• B. Stasis of blood
• C. Turbulence of blood
• D. Endothelial injury

Explanation: Endothelial injury, abnormal blood flow from stasis or turbulence, and hypercoagulability are the three components of Virchow’s triad, all…

• A. Muscles during exercise
• B. All of the Above
• C. Blushing
• D. Inflammation

Explanation: Active hyperaemia results from arteriolar dilation and occurs physiologically in exercising muscle and blushing, as well as during…

• A. Fatty
• B. Caseous
• C. Coagulative
• D. Gangrenous

Explanation: Most infarcts cause coagulative necrosis because the ischemic tissue framework remains preserved for some time.

• A. Thrombosis
• B. Coagulation
• C. Ischaemia
• D. Embolism

Explanation: An embolus is a detached intravascular mass, such as a thrombus fragment or foreign material, carried by blood until it obstructs a…

• A. Air or gas embolism
• B. Hyper coagulability
• C. Amniotic fluid embolism
• D. Tumour embolism

Explanation: Caisson disease is decompression sickness caused by formation of nitrogen gas bubbles when a person rises rapidly from high pressure.

• A. Coagulated fibrin
• B. Aggregated R.B.C
• C. Aggregated platelets
• D. Aggregated proteins

Explanation: Lines of Zahn are alternating pale platelet-fibrin layers and darker red-cell-rich layers formed in flowing blood.

• A. Jaundice
• B. Cirrhosis
• C. Chronic venous congestion
• D. Hepatocellular carcinoma

Explanation: Nutmeg liver is the mottled appearance produced by chronic passive venous congestion, especially from right-sided heart failure.

• A. Heamosiderin laden macrophages in alveoli
• B. Aschoji's giant cells
• C. Fibrocytes in myocardium
• D. Hypertrophic myocardial fibres

Explanation: Heart failure cells are alveolar macrophages containing haemosiderin after pulmonary venous congestion and leakage of red cells.

• A. The central venous pressure ins high
• B. The extremities are pale, cold and sweating
• C. There is always s site of bleeding
• D. Urine output is unaffected

Explanation: Reduced circulating volume causes sympathetic vasoconstriction, making the extremities pale, cold, and sweaty.

• A. A decrease in the blood pressure
• B. A decrease in the central venous pressure
• C. A decrease in the heart rate
• D. A decrease in the urine output

Explanation: A 40% blood-volume loss causes hypovolaemic shock with reduced blood pressure, central venous pressure and urine output, while sympathetic…

• A. Increased albumin in blood and decreased globin
• B. None of the above
• C. Increased osmotic pressure
• D. Decreased albumin conc. in blood

Explanation: Low blood albumin reduces plasma oncotic pressure, so fluid leaves the intravascular space and accumulates in tissues as edema.

• A. Anasarca
• B. Pitting edema
• C. Myxoedema
• D. Dependent edema

Explanation: Anasarca means severe, generalized edema involving the subcutaneous tissues and often body cavities.

• A. Induces cell mediated immunity
• B. Induces Humoral immunity
• C. Induces immunity by activation of cytoxic T-cells
• D. None of the aboveOrder DNA Kits

Explanation: TH2 cells secrete cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, which promote B-cell activation, antibody production and eosinophil responses.

• A. Macrophages
• B. Dendritic cells
• C. Langerhan's cells
• D. NK cells (Netural killer cells)

Explanation: Dendritic cells, Langerhans cells and macrophages are professional antigen-presenting cells, whereas natural killer cells primarily kill…

• A. Unable to express MHC class I proteins
• B. Exprss MHC class I proteins
• C. Express MHC class II proteins
• D. Unable to express MHC class II proteins

Explanation: NK cells preferentially attack infected or tumour cells that have lost or markedly reduced MHC class I expression, removing the normal…

• A. Deficiency of complement factor
• B. Congenital thymic aplasia
• C. Inborn error of metabolism
• D. Chromosomal anomaly

Explanation: DiGeorge syndrome classically involves failure of thymic development, causing T-cell deficiency and often hypocalcaemia from parathyroid…

• A. Wasserman reaction
• B. Mituda reaction
• C. Fernandez reaction
• D. None of the aboveConsult Online Doctors

Explanation: The Fernandez reaction is the early, delayed-type response appearing about 24–48 hours after lepromin injection.