All Free Management Sciences MCQs with Answers

• A. sales concept
• B. product idea
• C. product image
• D. customer management

Explanation: Product image is the set of beliefs, impressions and feelings consumers hold about an actual or potential offering.

• A. internal sources
• B. external sources
• C. product lines extension
• D. both a and b

Explanation: Product ideas may come from inside the firm, such as employees and research and development, or outside it, such as customers, competitors…

• A. communication tools
• B. communication channels
• C. communication functions
• D. communication parties

Explanation: Encoding, decoding, response and feedback are functions performed during communication, while channels are the media used to carry the…

• A. negative
• B. continuously rising
• C. higher
• D. declining

Explanation: New-product introduction usually produces negative profits because promotion, distribution and development costs are high while sales…

• A. online media
• B. print media
• C. broadcast media
• D. display media

Explanation: Magazines, direct mail and newspapers are print media because they communicate through printed material.

• A. innovators
• B. early adopters
• C. middle majority customers
• D. laggards

Explanation: Early adopters typically enter during the product's growth stage and help establish wider acceptance of the innovation.

• A. emotional appeal
• B. rational appeal
• C. moral appeal
• D. irrational appeal

Explanation: Emotional appeal uses message themes that create positive or negative feelings to influence buying motivation.

• A. relative advantage
• B. complexity
• C. communicability
• D. compatibility

Explanation: Complexity is the perceived difficulty of understanding or using a new market offering.

• A. product concept
• B. production phase
• C. production screening
• D. raw-material screening

Explanation: A product concept is a detailed version of a product idea stated in meaningful consumer terms, explaining what the product will do for…

• A. product idea
• B. product image
• C. customer management
• D. none of the above

Explanation: A product idea is a possible product that a company may offer to the market.

• A. physiological needs
• B. self-actualization needs
• C. esteem needs
• D. all of above

Explanation: Maslow’s hierarchy includes physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs.

• A. communication tools
• B. communication channels
• C. communication functions
• D. communication parties

Explanation: In the communication model, the message and the medium carrying it are communication tools.

• A. need recognition
• B. information search
• C. purchase decision
• D. both b and c

Explanation: Purchase decision is the stage where a buyer converts an intention to buy into an actual choice or decision.

• A. communication functions
• B. communication parties
• C. communication tools
• D. communication channels

Explanation: The sender and receiver are the two communication parties that initiate and interpret the message.

• A. develop market strategy
• B. develop a testing technique
• C. develop intermediaries
• D. develop logistic network

Explanation: After concept testing, the firm normally develops a preliminary marketing strategy covering the target market, positioning, price…

• A. channeling stages
• B. buyer readiness stage
• C. channel designing stages
• D. strategic stages

Explanation: Awareness, liking, preference, conviction, and purchase describe buyer-readiness stages through which a customer moves toward buying.

• A. satisfied
• B. dissatisfied
• C. delighted
• D. none of above

Explanation: When perceived product performance matches the customer's expectations, the customer is satisfied.

• A. Leading marketing
• B. buzz marketing
• C. online marketing
• D. none of the above

Explanation: Buzz marketing stimulates people to discuss and recommend a product, often by using opinion leaders or influential brand ambassadors.

• A. complex buoying behavior
• B. variety seeking buying behavior
• C. dissonance reducing buying behavior
• D. habitual buying behavior

Explanation: Complex buying behavior occurs when consumers are highly involved in the purchase and perceive substantial differences among brands.

• A. contract manufacturing
• B. joint ownership
• C. management contracting
• D. all of above

Explanation: Joint venturing can take forms such as contract manufacturing, management contracting, and joint ownership, where firms cooperate in a…