All Free Fundamentals of Nursing MCQs with Answers

• A. Expose only the body area being washed
• B. Keep the whole body uncovered for easy access
• C. Leave the room door open for quick observation
• D. Complete the bath without asking about preferences

Explanation: Exposing only the area being washed preserves dignity and helps prevent chilling.

• A. Passive range-of-motion exercise
• B. Active range-of-motion exercise
• C. Active-assisted range-of-motion exercise
• D. Resistive range-of-motion exercise

Explanation: Passive range of motion is performed by another person when the patient cannot move the joint independently.

• A. Active-assisted range of motion
• B. Passive range of motion
• C. Resistive range of motion
• D. Isometric muscle exercise

Explanation: Active-assisted exercise occurs when the patient starts the movement and the nurse provides support or assistance.

• A. Place a pillow under the lower legs to float the heels
• B. Place a pillow directly under each heel for support
• C. Massage the reddened heels every two hours
• D. Use a tightly rolled towel under the ankles

Explanation: Supporting the lower legs so the heels are suspended removes pressure from the heel surface.

• A. Turn the patient as one unit while maintaining alignment
• B. Ask the patient to twist the trunk during the turn
• C. Pull the shoulders first and then move the legs
• D. Raise the head and turn the patient into a sitting position

Explanation: Logrolling moves the head, trunk, and legs together and helps maintain spinal alignment.

• A. Remove the dentures and place them in a labelled container
• B. Leave the dentures in place and brush around them
• C. Wrap the dentures in dry gauze and place them on the bedside table
• D. Soak the dentures in hot water to loosen deposits

Explanation: Dentures should be removed carefully and placed in a labelled container to prevent loss or damage.

• A. The perineal area
• B. The face and eyes
• C. The arms and hands
• D. The chest and abdomen

Explanation: The perineal area is washed last because it is usually the most contaminated area.

• A. Support the patient into a safe sitting position
• B. Encourage the patient to walk faster to the chair
• C. Ask the patient to stand still without support
• D. Leave the patient briefly to bring a wheelchair

Explanation: The immediate priority is safety, so the nurse supports the patient into a stable sitting position and prevents a fall.

• A. Inspect the feet daily and dry carefully between the toes
• B. Soak the feet in very hot water each evening
• C. Cut the toenails deeply into the corners
• D. Walk barefoot indoors to strengthen the feet

Explanation: Daily inspection and careful drying help identify injury early and reduce moisture-related infection.

• A. Support the limb while the patient completes the movement
• B. Move the limb fully while the patient remains relaxed
• C. Prevent movement until the joint becomes less painful
• D. Apply strong resistance throughout the movement

Explanation: Supporting the limb while the patient initiates movement is active-assisted exercise and promotes mobility without excessive strain.

• A. Clean from the scrotum toward the penis
• B. Clean the penis from the meatus outward
• C. Retract the foreskin and leave it retracted
• D. Apply powder inside the urethral opening

Explanation: The penis is cleansed from the urethral meatus outward to reduce the spread of microorganisms into the urinary opening.

• A. Rub reddened areas firmly to improve circulation
• B. Apply lotion between the toes after washing
• C. Dry skin folds carefully after cleansing
• D. Use hot water to remove body oils

Explanation: Moisture trapped in skin folds promotes maceration and fungal growth, so these areas should be dried carefully.

• A. Cover the area with a dry towel only
• B. Apply a prescribed moisture barrier cream
• C. Massage the skin until it becomes pink
• D. Place the patient directly on the damp sheet

Explanation: A moisture barrier protects the skin from repeated contact with urine and helps prevent breakdown.

• A. Supine with the head turned sideways
• B. High-Fowler position with a basin nearby
• C. Prone with the face turned to one side
• D. Trendelenburg position with the chin raised

Explanation: High-Fowler position promotes comfort, access to the mouth, and drainage of secretions into the basin.

• A. The head, spine, and hips are in a straight line
• B. The upper arm is supported on a pillow
• C. The lower leg is supported between the knees
• D. The patient's neck is sharply flexed toward the chest

Explanation: Marked neck flexion can impair comfort, breathing, and normal body alignment.

• A. The left hand, beside the weak leg
• B. The right hand, beside the strong leg
• C. Both hands, directly in front of the body
• D. Either hand, depending on the walking speed

Explanation: A cane is generally held on the side opposite the weaker leg, so the right hand supports a weak left leg.

• A. Move the strong leg, move the walker, then the weak leg
• B. Move the walker, move the weak leg, then the strong leg
• C. Move the weak leg, move the strong leg, then lift the walker
• D. Lift the walker after both legs move forward together

Explanation: The patient first advances the walker, then moves the weaker leg into the walker, followed by the stronger leg.

• A. Keep the feet together and bend from the waist
• B. Pull the patient using the nurse's back muscles
• C. Use a wide base of support and bend the knees
• D. Twist the trunk while lifting the patient's shoulders

Explanation: A wide base and flexed knees improve stability and allow the nurse to use the stronger leg muscles.

• A. Continue the movement until the joint is fully extended
• B. Move the joint quickly to reduce the exercise time
• C. Stop when pain occurs and assess the joint
• D. Force the joint beyond its usual range slowly

Explanation: Range-of-motion activity should be smooth, gentle, and within the patient's tolerance.

• A. Place it beside the bed with the brakes locked
• B. Place it at the foot of the bed with the footrests lowered
• C. Keep the brakes unlocked so it can move with the patient
• D. Position it several steps away to allow a longer transfer

Explanation: The wheelchair should be close to the bed and its brakes locked before the transfer begins.