Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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Read the Cell Structure and Function notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms2,478 questions · page 95 of 124
- A. Chromatic body
- B. Nuclear region
- C. Nuclear Body
- D. All of above
Explanation: Nucleotides are present in chromosomes that are located in the nucleus.
Correct answer: All of above- A. RNA coiling
- B. Gene expression
- C. DNA formation
- D. Protein synthesis
Explanation: Histones are involved in gene expression, as they play a role in regulating the accessibility of DNA to the transcriptional machinery.
Correct answer: Gene expression- A. Diploid cells
- B. Polyploid cells
- C. Both Options A and B are correct
- D. None of these options is correct
Explanation: All cells have homologous chromosomes except for the reproductive cells of higher organisms.
Correct answer: Diploid cells- A. Transduction
- B. Transformation
- C. Binary fission
- D. Conjugation
Explanation: Option A: Transduction is a method of genetic transfer in bacteria mediated by bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria).
Correct answer: Transformation- A. 8
- B. 18
- C. 16
- D. 32
Explanation: Somatic cells are diploid cells and if one of an organism's gametes contains 16 chromosomes then one of its somatic cells will contain 32.
Correct answer: 32- A. Hybrid
- B. The P generation
- C. Mutants
- D. The F2 generation
Explanation: When two individuals of different pure breeding strains or genotypes are crossed, their offspring are known as hybrids.
Correct answer: Hybrid- A. Haploid
- B. Diploid
- C. Single nucleus
- D. None of these
Explanation: Most multicellular organisms are diploid (2n). Because the diploid stage is the most obvious stage in the life cycle, usually only gametes…
Correct answer: Diploid- A. 30,000 to 40,000
- B. 40,000 to 50,000
- C. 10,000 to 15,000
- D. 20,000 to 25,000
Explanation: Scientists estimate that the human genome, for example, has about 20,000 to 25,000 protein-coding genes.
Correct answer: 20,000 to 25,000- A. Diploid
- B. Haploid
- C. Unicellular
- D. None of these
Explanation: Organisms that have one copy of each gene on each chromosome are called haploid organisms.
Correct answer: Haploid- A. 44
- B. 45
- C. 46
- D. 43
Explanation: A diploid cell has two complete sets of chromosomes. Most cells in humans are diploid, comprising 23 chromosome pairs, so 46 chromosomes…
Correct answer: 46- A. They lack cytoplast.
- B. They have a cell wall.
- C. They cannot create proton gradients.
- D. They can conduct mRNA translation simultaneous to transcription.
Explanation: They can conduct mRNA translation simultaneous to transcription is unique to prokaryotes.
Correct answer: They can conduct mRNA translation simultaneous to transcription.- A. 12
- B. 9
- C. 18
- D. 22
Explanation: The haploid (n) number of chromosomes is the number of chromosomes found in a gamete of a reproductive cell.
Correct answer: 18- A. rDNA
- B. dDNA
- C. cDNA
- D. DNA
Explanation: This option is the correct answer. cDNA stands for complementary DNA. It is the DNA molecule synthesized from an RNA template by the…
Correct answer: cDNA- A. A-T
- B. C-G
- C. A-U
- D. T-A
Explanation: In RNA, the two pyrimidine bases are uracil and cytosine. While in DNA, the pyrimidine bases are thymine and cytosine.
Correct answer: A-U1895. If the genetic code is made up of three nucleotides, then total possible genetic codes will be
- A. 4
- B. 20
- C. 64
- D. 61
Explanation: Each group of three nucleotides encodes an amino acid. The total number of genetic codes can be found by 4^3 = 64, where 4 is the total…
Correct answer: 64- A. Polyploidy
- B. Transmutation
- C. Inversion
- D. Point mutation
Explanation: Phenylketonuria is characterized by a mutation causing the loss of function of the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase through a…
Correct answer: Point mutation- A. Point mutation
- B. Chromosomal mutation
- C. Translocation
- D. Inversion
Explanation: Point mutation is the phenomenon that occurs when a single nucleotide is added, altered, or deleted from an organisms genome.
Correct answer: Point mutation- A. PCR
- B. Semi-conservative model
- C. Conservative mode
- D. Both
Explanation: DNA replication is a semi-conservative process. In this model, the two strands of DNA unwind from each other, and each acts as a template…
Correct answer: Semi-conservative model- A. Translation
- B. Transcription
- C. Polymerization
- D. Genesis
Explanation: Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA).
Correct answer: Transcription- A. 3' → 5'
- B. 5' → 3
- C. Sometime "3' → 5' & "5' → 3' "
- D. None of the given options
Explanation: DNA replication occurs in the 5' to 3' direction. DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides the 3' -OH group of the growing DNA strand, this…
Correct answer: 5' → 3